Figure 5.

Chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells were grown onto CL and CSCL for a 21-day period in basal or inductive media. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for the chondrogenesis (Sox9, Col2a1, Acan)-associated markers. Expression levels normalized to the reference gene (Gapdh). Data are represented as fold-change compared with expression cells grown on CLs. Asterisks depict highly significant (∗∗, p < .01) differences. Abbreviation: CL, collagen scaffold; CSCL, chondroitin sulfate crosslinked onto a collagen-based scaffold.