Table 1.
Characteristics at Visit 1 by Opioid Use at Visit 1 (n = 2732)
| Variable | Opioid use (n = 129) | No opioid use (n = 2603) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean years (SD) | 74.7 (6.4) | 73.7 (5.9) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.8 (4.5) | 28.0 (4.0) |
| White race, n (%) | 115 (89.2) | 2392 (91.9) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||
| Never | 34 (26.4) | 897 (34.5) |
| Former | 91 (70.5) | 1620 (62.2) |
| Current | 4 (3.1) | 86 (3.3) |
| Total hip BMD, mean (SD) | 0.93 (0.18) | 0.97 (0.14) |
| Health status very good/excellent, n (%) | 67 (51.9) | 2109 (81.0) |
| SF-12 mental component score, mean (SD) | 52.3 (9.8) | 55.6 (7.5) |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | ||
| Minimal (<1 drink/week) | 74 (57.4) | 955 (36.7) |
| Light (1–14 drinks/week) | 45 (34.9) | 1340 (51.5) |
| Heavy (≥14 drinks/week) | 10 (7.8) | 308 (11.8) |
| Number of comorbidities, n (%) | ||
| None | 9 (7.0) | 579 (22.2) |
| 1–2 | 99 (76.7) | 1818 (69.8) |
| ≥3 | 21 (16.3) | 206 (7.9) |
| PASE activity score, mean (SD) | 114.4 (71.2) | 146.4 (68.8) |
| SOF frailty status, n (%) | ||
| Robust | 19 (14.7) | 1095 (42.1) |
| Intermediate | 65 (50.4) | 1232 (47.3) |
| Frail | 45 (34.9) | 276 (10.6) |
| 3MS score, mean (SD) | 91.8 (5.6) | 93.1 (5.4) |
| Trails B score mean (SD) | 154.1 (62.4) | 138.3 (60.9) |
| Back pain, % | 79 (61.2) | 718 (27.6) |
| Hip pain, % | 77 (59.7) | 1275 (49.0) |
| Knee pain, % | 84 (65.1) | 1743 (67.0) |
3MS = Modified Mini-Mental Status; BMD = bone mineral density; BMI = body mass index; PASE = Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; SF-12 = Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Survey; SOF = Study of Osteoporotic Fractures