Table 1.
Serotonin in the limbic system 7 days following stress and/or mild TBI.
| F-Value | p-Value | Mean ± SEM (Pg/μg) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control + Sham | Control + mTBI | SD + Sham | SD + mTBI | |||
| 5-HT | ||||||
| mPFC | 0.134 | 0.939 | 3.72 ± 0.30 | 3.56 ± 0.28 | 3.52 ± 0.33 | 3.75 ± 0.35 |
| BLA/LA | 1.902 | 0.144 | 14.00 ± 1.25 | 10.49 ± 0.74 | 10.32 ± 1.38 | 12.28 ± 1.52 |
| CeA | 2.213 | 0.100 | 9.33 ± 0.88 | 10.61 ± 1.23 | 6.69 ± 0.88 | 8.28 ± 1.38 |
| MeA | 0.448 | 0.720 | 11.49 ± 1.23 | 10.34 ± 1.41 | 9.26 ± 1.38 | 10.96 ± 1.68 |
| dHipp | 1.496 | 0.229 | 5.88 ± 0.35 | 5.98 ± 0.35 | 5.27 ± 0.46 | 6.50 ± 0.48 |
| vHipp | 1.675 | 0.186 | 6.65 ± 0.35 | 7.72 ± 0.64 | 6.17 ± 0.68 | 6.09 ± 0.60 |
| dRN | 1.240 | 0.307 | 32.95 ± 1.61 | 29.19 ± 1.64 | 31.84 ± 1.76 | 29.38 ± 1.63 |
| 5-HTP | ||||||
| mPFC | 1.698 | 0.182 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.03 |
| BLA/LA | 0.226 | 0.878 | 1.15 ± 0.21 | 1.01 ± 0.13 | 1.06 ± 0.23 | 1.23 ± 0.20 |
| CeA | 1.526 | 0.223 | 1.43 ± 0.12 | 1.48 ± 0.08 | 2.75 ± 0.78 | 2.20 ± 0.54 |
| MeA | 0.498 | 0.686 | 1.71 ± 0.06 | 1.810 ± 0.08 | 1.81 ± 0.16 | 1.98 ± 0.29 |
| dHipp | 1.160 | 0.337 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.06 |
| dRN | 1.259 | 0.300 | 5.18 ± 0.21 | 5.05 ± 0.38 | 5.55 ± 0.51 | 4.57 ± 0.28 |
| 5-HIAA | ||||||
| mPFC | 1.085 | 0.365 | 4.55 ± 0.26 | 4.45 ± 0.19 | 4.64 ± 0.27 | 5.11 ± 0.37 |
| BLA/LA | 1.316 | 0.282 | 9.63 ± 1.19 | 8.31 ± 0.72 | 10.97 ± 1.59 | 11.86 ± 1.59 |
| CeA | 0.360 | 0.782 | 10.22 ± 0.32 | 10.13 ± 0.58 | 10.17 ± 0.69 | 10.77 ± 0.25 |
| MeA | 1.290 | 0.290 | 10.89 ± 0.57 | 10.31 ± 0.59 | 11.50 ± 0.50 | 11.83 ± 0.69 |
| vHipp | 1.538 | 0.219 | 5.59 ± 0.25 | 6.59 ± 0.39 | 6.84 ± 0.31 | 6.64 ± 0.30 |
| dRN | 0.700 | 0.557 | 22.83 ± 1.33 | 21.72 ± 0.99 | 23.62 ± 0.89 | 21.88 ± 0.99 |
| 5-HT Activity | ||||||
| mPFC | 0.871 | 0.464 | 1.26 ± 0.05 | 1.31 ± 0.08 | 1.39 ± 0.09 | 1.44 ± 0.12 |
| BLA/LA | 1.168 | 0.333 | 0.71 ± 0.09 | 0.99 ± 0.18 | 1.17 ± 0.26 | 1.27 ± 0.32 |
| MeA | 1.080 | 0.367 | 1.10 ± 0.16 | 1.31 ± 0.24 | 1.81 ± 0.37 | 1.61 ± 0.38 |
| dHipp | 0.752 | 0.527 | 1.49 ± 0.09 | 1.43 ± 0.08 | 1.59 ± 0.08 | 1.57 ± 0.08 |
| vHipp | 2.935 | 0.045∗ | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.08 | 1.21 ± 0.10 | 1.12 ± 0.12 |
| dRN | 1.134 | 0.346 | 0.69 ± 0.02 | 0.754 ± 0.02 | 0.76 ± 0.03 | 0.76 ± 0.05 |
| 5-HT Synthesis | ||||||
| BLA/LA | 0.400 | 0.754 | 15.50 ± 2.13 | 12.28 ± 2.38 | 14.76 ± 2.41 | 12.69 ± 3.08 |
| CeA | 1.072 | 0.372 | 6.22 ± 1.01 | 6.76 ± 0.90 | 3.71 ± 0.96 | 5.97 ± 2.03 |
| MeA | 0.145 | 0.932 | 6.45 ± 0.66 | 6.04 ± 1.08 | 6.15 ± 1.33 | 5.45 ± 1.16 |
| dHipp | 0.895 | 0.452 | 28.8 ± 4.22 | 38.45 ± 3.83 | 28.78 ± 3.29 | 37.19 ± 8.85 |
| vHipp | 1.869 | 0.150 | 48.39 ± 5.37 | 43.13 ± 5.16 | 42.69 ± 6.02 | 30.50 ± 5.22 |
| dRN | 0.816 | 0.492 | 6.45 ± 0.42 | 5.95 ± 0.30 | 6.00 ± 0.31 | 6.65 ± 0.46 |
∗Overall significant difference among groups with ANOVA but no significant pairwise comparisons. 5-HT, Serotonin; 5-HTP, 5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; BLA/LA, basolateral/lateral amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; MeA, medial amygdala; dHipp, dorsal hippocampus; vHipp, ventral hippocampus; dRN, dorsal raphe nucleus; mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury; SD, social defeat.