Fig. 4.

Pathological features associated with SVD in VaD. Panels show examples of lacunes, small infarcts and microinfarcts. a Typical cavitated lacunar lesions (arrow) in the putamen of a 65-year-old man. b WM attenuation in the medial temporal lobe, but sparing of U fibres. Section from an 80-year-old man with vascular and neurofibrillary pathology. c, d Cerebral microvessels with variable hyalinosis, perivascular rarefaction, microinfarcts and perivascular spaces in two different cases. Moderate gliosis in the surrounding region is also evident in the case in c. d Perivascular dilatation (or spacing) in the WM (arrow). Magnification bar a 1 cm, b 500 μm, c, d 100 μm