Table 4.

Predicting factors for the use of substances for neuroenhancement.

Predictor	OR (95% CI)
USE OF ILLICIT AND PRESCRIPTION DRUGS FOR EUROENHANCEMENT
Curiosity	4.79*** (2.75–8.33)
To enhance mood	2.72*** (1.68–4.42)
For a confident appearance	2.69** (1.47–4.91)
Stress/ pressure to perform	1.83* (1.15–2.91)
Deadline pressure	1.79* (1.03–3.11)
USE OF OTC DRUGS FOR NEUROENHANCEMENT
Tiredness	22.44*** (4.68–107.64)
Stress/pressure to perform	10.15*** (1.24–83.01)
USE OF ANY SUBSTANCE FOR NEUROENHANCEMENT
Tiredness	45.24*** (5.46–374.77)
Stress/pressure to perform	9.59*** (1.13–81.12)

Odds ratios for the dependent variables “use of illicit and prescription drugs for neuroenhancement,” “use of OTC-drugs for neuroenhancement,” and “use of any substance for neuroenhancement” and each predictor variable (stepwise, forward regression). Levels of significance:

p < 0.05^*;

p < 0.01^**;

p < 0.001^***;

(CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio); OTC drugs, over-the-counter drugs.