Figure 1. Schematic diagram of procedure used to measure temporal and spatial binding windows.

(A) Participants were required to report whether an auditory noise burst in the second interval was to the left or right of a noise burst presented in the first interval. Auditory noise bursts were accompanied by visual bar stimuli masked with Gaussian luminance profiles. In the test interval, visual and auditory stimuli were presented in different locations leading to biases in the perceived location of the auditory stimulus. (B) For each condition, the magnitude of the ventriloquist effect was quantified by calculating the physical displacement of the auditory test stimulus required for it to be perceptually aligned to the standard stimulus. (C) Example of an individual temporal tuning function from Experiment 1 prior to training. The magnitude of the ventriloquist effect is maximal when auditory and visual stimuli were presented synchronously, and gradually declines with increasing asynchrony. (D) Example of an individual spatial tuning function from Experiment 2 prior to training. Ventriloquist effects were largest when the visual stimulus was presented close to the midline, but diminished at larger separations.