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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Immunol Rev. 2016 May;271(1):230–245. doi: 10.1111/imr.12400

Figure 3. Factors promoting IgA switching in PPs.

Figure 3

The highlighted factors are known to be produced by the indicated cell types but in several cases it has not yet been established which is the key cellular source of the factor and whether the action on the B cell is direct or indirect. Microbe-derived ligands for pattern recognition receptors, such as LPS, may also promote switching. See text for further details.