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. 2016 Apr 19;7:148. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00148

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Copyright © 2016 Lamarthée, Malard, Saas, Mohty and Gaugler.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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STAT1 in intestinal inflammation. In response to PAMPs and DAMPs, pDCs (green cells) infiltrate intestinal tissues and secrete type-I IFN after TLR activation and STAT1 phosphorylation. Type-I IFN induces STAT1 activation in intestinal epithelial cells (pink cells), leading to local CXCL10 expression. CXCL10 induces CXCR3⁺ T cell (blue cells) recruitment and their differentiation into Th1, able to produce type-II IFN under STAT1 dependence. Thus, Th1 cells participate in local inflammation and also secrete IL-22 that contributes to STAT1 activation in IEC.