Table 2.

Nutrient dietary intake at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention

	Baseline			6 Months
	Sardine group (n = 12)	Control group (n = 11)		Sardine group (n = 12)	Control group (n = 11)
			P valuea			P value b	P within SG c	P within CG c
Energy (kcal/day)	1829.5 ± 129.9	1758.5 ± 150.7	0.74	1626.2 ± 89.2	1687.2 ± 128.6	0.30	0.02	0.53
Carbohydrates (g/day)	163.8 ± 13.9	146.8 ± 11.7	0.83	141.6 ± 10.8	136.3 ± 14.1	0.82	0.18	0.18
Protein (g/day)	92.0 ± 6.7	87.3 ± 7.9	0.83	83.9 ± 4.8	83.5 ± 5.0	0.85	0.24	0.42
Fat (g/day)	88.3 ± 4.8	84.4 ± 8.1	0.41	79.2 ± 4.5	83.7 ± 5.8	0.27	0.01	0.86
SFAd (g/day)	25.3 ± 2.7	22.6 ± 3.0	0.41	18.6 ± 1.6	21.6 ± 2.2	0.11	0.003	0.72
MUFAe (g/day)	44.8 ± 2.3	42.0 ± 3.3	0.26	40.6 ± 1.9	43.3 ± 2.8	0.25	0.07	0.66
PUFAf (g/day)	11.4 ± 0.6	12.4 ± 1.6	0.93	13.0 ± 1.2	12.0 ± 1.5	0.21	0.21	0.79
EPAg + DHAh (g/day)	0.4 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.02	0.15	3.2 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1	<0.001	0.002	0.16
Total n-3 PUFAi (g/day)	1.6 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.2	0.60	4.7 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.1	<0.001	0.002	0.12
Taurine (mg/day)	61.0 ± 10.9	53.6 ± 7.6	0.95	168.2 ± 9.4	58.7 ± 6.3	<0.001	0.002	0.53
Fat (% Energy)	44.4 ± 1.9	43.1 ± 1.6	0.53	43.8 ± 0.8	44.9 ± 0.9	0.60	0.58	0.25
SFA (% Energy)	12.3 ± 0.8	11.3 ± 0.8	0.49	10.2 ± 0.4	11.3 ± 0.5	0.06	0.03	0.97
MUFA (% Energy)	22.8 ± 1.4	21.9 ± 1.0	0.65	22.7 ± 0.9	23.8 ± 1.2	0.45	0.58	0.13
PUFA (% Energy)	5.8 ± 0.4	6.2 ± 0.4	0.75	7.1 ± 0.5	6.3 ± 0.4	0.01	0.04	0.72
Dietary fiber (g/day)	15.5 ± 1.3	18.9 ± 2.5	0.41	17.3 ± 1.2	15.1 ± 1.5	0.03	0.08	0.08

Values are mean ± SE

^a Intergroup comparisons at baseline by Mann-Whitney’s U test

^b Differences between groups at 6 months adjusted for baseline values (ANCOVA)

^c Intragroup comparisons by Wilcoxon signed-rank test

^d SFA: saturated fatty acid

^e MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid

^f PUFA: polysaturated fatty acid

^g EPA: eicosapentanoic acid

^h DHA: docosahexanoic acid

ⁱ n-3 PUFA: omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid