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aReagents and conditions: i) 1) Chlorosulfonic acid, 0°C to r.t., 3h, 2) Zn, EtOH, conc. HCl, reflux 45 min, r.t. overnight; ii) ethyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)propanoate, PdCl2(dppf), Zn, THF, reflux, 24h; iii) oxone, H2O, MeOH, 0°C to r.t., 12h; iv) LiOH 1N, THF, H2O, r.t. 12h.
