Table 7.

Correlation coefficients among Experiment 3 LEAF scores and language measures from Experiment 1

	Comprehension	Factual memory	Attention	Processing speed	Visual-spatial organization	Sequential processing	Working memory	Problem solving
Deaf with CIs
Age sign acquisition	.60**	.16	−.10	.06	−.32	−.13	.10	−.20
Expressive sign language	.10	.35	−.01	.35	.13	.13	.21	.22
Signed comprehension	−.01	.30	.33	.39*	.17	.25	.23	.25
Speech production–phonemes	−.24	−.23	.23	−.07	.01	.09	−.05	−.15
Speech recognition–AV	.04	−.13	.27	−.01	.04	−.02	.02	−.19
Speech recognition–A	−.03	−.18	.30	−.03	−.06	−.02	−.04	−.27
Audiovisual enhancement	.14	.15	−.18	.04	.20	−.01	.11	.24
Age of implantation	−.06	.04	−.16	.09	.01	−.05	.10	.16
Deaf without CIs
Age sign acquisition	.39	.12	.46*	.65**	.46*	.63**	.48*	.44*
Expressive sign language	−.26	.22	−.16	−.12	−.12	−.16	−.10	−.31
Signed comprehension	−.46*	−.31	−.28	−.34	.08	−.36	−.36	−.50**
Speech production–phonemes	.29	−.11	.24	.19	.25	−.11	.30	.39
Speech recognition–AV	.11	−.25	.17	.12	.31	.12	.24	.12
Speech recognition–A	.03	−.32	.07	.03	.16	.04	.11	.06
Audiovisual enhancement	.15	.13	.22	.20	.31	.16	.27	.14
Hearing
Expressive sign language	.08	−.11	−.30	−.01	.04	−.09	−.04	−.05
Signed comprehension	.18	−.11	−.08	−.02	−.27	−.18	−.13	.16
Speech-to-noise ratio	−.12	.02	.32	.13	−.11	−.15	−.15	−.10
Speech production–phonemes
Speech recognition–AV	−.14	−.29	.01	−.22	−.12	−.17	−.21	−.04
Speech recognition–A	−.05	−.15	.27	.01	−.09	−.19	.02	.06
Audiovisual enhancement	−.06	−.06	−.34	−.18	.01	−.15	−.15	−.11

Notes. CI = cochlear implant; LEAF = Learning, Executive, and Attention Functioning.

*p < .05, **p < .01.