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. 2015 Jan 2;211(12):1959–1968. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu840

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Association of impaired antibody (Ab) response with defective peripheral T-follicular helper (pTfh)–cell frequency and function. A, Flow cytometric dot plots showing the gating strategy of pTfh cells (CD3+CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+) from live (ViViD−) CD3+ cells. B, Frequencies of pTfh cells before and after vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected and HIV-infected young and older responders and nonresponders. B, Frequencies of interleukin 21–expressing (IL-21+) pTfh cells in responders and nonresponders following H1N1 antigen stimulation for 12 hours and intracellular staining. D, Frequencies of inducible T-cell costimulatory–expressing (ICOS+) pTfh cells in vaccine responders and nonresponders. E, Correlation between H1N1-specific Ab-secreting cell (ASC) responses with frequencies of pTfh cells after vaccination. Abbreviation: IgG, immunoglobulin G.