Table 1. Preliminary experimental conditions evaluated for the preparation of calcium alginate beads without astaxanthin and results of physical characteristics.
Code name | CaCl2 concn.(%) | Tween 20 in ALG (%) | ALG concn.(%) | Glycerol/H2O | Needle (G) | Stirring rate(rpm) | Stirring time(min) | Weight (g) | Weight (%) | Diameter (μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 20 | 0.5 | 3 | 50/50 | 27 | 150 | 15 | - | - | - |
B | 20 | 0.5 | 1 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.21±0.02 | 9.1±0.8 | 728.7±194.3 |
C | 10 | 0.5 | 1 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.18±0.02 | 15.4±1.6 | 620.3±92.0 |
D | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.15±0.03 | 45.8±10.3 | 566.0±92.5 |
E | 5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.15±0.02 | 23.7±3.1 | 601.9±98.3 |
F | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.27±0.02 | 57.9±4.2 | 726.8±78.6 |
G | 10 | 0.5 | 2 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.41±0.07 | 31.0±5.8 | 822.0±100.9 |
H | 5 | 0.5 | 2 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.31±0.03 | 40.6±5.0 | 749.0±61.1 |
I | 10 | 0.5 | 1 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.18±0.01 | 15.4±0.9 | 712.8±89.9 |
J | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.27±0.01 | 59.4±2.0 | 838.7±66.9 |
K | 20 | 0.5 | 2 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.53±0.11 | 21.6±.3 | 885.6±112.6 |
L | 5 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.50±0.01 | 56.0±0.8 | 903.2±59.0 |
M | 2 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.45±0.02 | 77.6±2.7 | 994.5±100.0 |
N | 10 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.63±0.02 | 43.9±2.3 | 1029.2±99.7 |
O | 10 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 30 | 0.57±0.04 | 39.5±2.8 | 1047.7±121.4 |
P | 10 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 60 | 0.61±0.02 | 42.4±0.6 | 1112.9±71.1 |
Q | 20 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.78±0.10 | 30.2±3.8 | 1136.9±90.5 |
R | 20 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 30 | 0.77±0.03 | 29.6±1.0 | 1171.7±124.0 |
S | 20 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 0.77±0.07 | 29.7±2.6 | 1053.4±99.7 |
T | 5 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.51±0.01 | 56.9±0.9 | 1041.3±86.6 |
U | 20 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 60 | 0.84±0.05 | 32.6±1.9 | 1156.4±88.9 |
V | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.50±0.04 | 55.8±3.8 | 1199.4±94.0 |
W | 20 | 0 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.75±0.04 | 29.1±1.5 | 1326.4±130.8 |
X | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.55±0.01 | 62.1±1.2 | 1026.2±46.2 |
Y | 20 | 2 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 150 | 15 | 0.94±0.03 | 36.2±1.2 | 1192.5±64.3 |
Z | 20 | 0.5 | 3 | 10/90 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 1.24±0.08 | 48.2±1.5 | 1460.2±214.5 |
AA | 20 | 0.5 | 3 | 20/80 | 27 | 150 | 15 | 1.23±0.10 | 47.6±3.2 | 1356.3±77.5 |
AB | 20 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 300 | 30 | 0.74±0.11 | 28.7±0.9 | 1332.2±513.2 |
AC | 20 | 0.5 | 3 | 0/100 | 24 | 500 | 30 | 0.74±0.09 | 28.7±5.7 | 1162.4±176.8 |