Figure 1.

A descriptive latent change score model representing longitudinal relationships between borderline personality disorder features (BPD) and latent changes (Δ) in psychopathology (Psy) at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2). Parameters a through h were analyzed in our model. Standardized path estimates, standard errors, and significance for each form of psychopathology are presented in Table 3. Paths from the constant (triangle) represent mean estimates with a standardized value of zero and are not included in Table 3.