Table 5. Summary of literature.
| Type 1 (%) | Type 2 (%) | Type 2a (%) | Type 3 (%) | Atypical (%) | Treatment, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effendi et al (1981)12 (n = 131) | 85 (65%) | 37 (28%) | – | 9 (6%) | – | Brace, 80 (65%) Surgery, 42 (34%) |
| Levine and Edwards (1985)13 (n = 52) | 15 (29%) | 29 (56%) | 3 (6%) | 5 (9%) | – | Collar, 10 (19%) Halo, 32 (62%) Surgery, 3 (6%) |
| Burke and Harris (1989)8 (n = 62) | 13 (21%) | 35 (56%) | – | 3 (5%) | 11 (18%) | – |
| Green et al (1997)4 (n = 74) | 53 (72%) | 20 (27%) | – | 1 (1%) | – | Halo, 56 (76%) SOMI, 6 (8%) Collar, 3 (4%) Surgery, 7 (9%) |
| Müller et al (2000)39 (n = 39) | 10 (26%) | 29 (74%) | – | – | – | Halo, 18 (46%) Collar, 12 (31%) Minerva, 1 (3%) Surgery, 8 (21%) |
| Ramieri et al (2010)41 (n = 16) | 11 (69%) | 5 (31%) | – | – | – | Halo, 11 (69%) SOMI, 5 (31%) |
| Samaha et al (2010)6 (n = 24) | – | – | – | – | 13 (54%) | Minerva, 15 (63%) Surgery, 9 (38%) |
| Vaccaro et al (2002)30 (n = 31) | – | 27 (87%) | 4 (13%) | – | – | Traction + halo, 31 (100%) |
| Moon et al (2002)42 (n = 42) | – | – | – | – | – | Cervical orthosis, 20 (48%) Surgery, 22 (52%) |
| Al-Mahfoudh et al, this study (n = 41) | 21 (51%) | 17 (41%) | 3 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 28 (68%) | Halo, 27 (66%) Collar, 11 (27%) Surgery, 3 (7%) |