Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to baseline pacing type
| None | RV | BiV | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristic | (N=1213) | (N=683) | (N=435) | ||
| Age (yrs) | 58 (49, 67) | 61 (52, 70) | 61 (55,70) | <.0001 | |
| Female n (%) | 430 (35) | 137 (20) | 94 (22) | <.0001 | |
| Race | <.0001 | ||||
| Black | 483 (40) | 173 (26) | 93 (22) | ||
| White | 651 (54) | 456 (68) | 319 (74) | ||
| Other | 62 (5) | 41 (6) | 18(4) | ||
| Body Mass Index | 30 (26, 36) | 29 (26, 34) | 30 (26,34) | 0.0058 | |
| Ischemic HF etiology | 512 (42) | 456 (67) | 229 (53) | <.0001 | |
| Prior MI | 409 (34) | 377 (55) | 193 (44) | <.0001 | |
| Severe mitral regurgitation | 129 (12) | 73 (12) | 54 (14) | 0.50 | |
| Functional Classification | <.0001 | ||||
| NYHA Class II | 825 (68) | 423 (62) | 229 (53) | ||
| NYHA Class III/IV | 388 (32) | 260 (38) | 206 (47) | ||
| KCCQ summary score | 70 (51,85) | 68 (51,83) | 65 (49,80) | 0.033 | |
| LVEF | 25 (21,31) | 24 (20,30) | 23 (19,29) | <.0001 | |
| Diabetes | 380 (31) | 224 (33) | 144 (33) | 0.71 | |
| Hypertension | 754 (63) | 389 (57) | 245 (57) | 0.026 | |
| QRS duration | 100 (80,120) | 120 (100,160) | 140 (120,160) | <.0001 | |
| Paced | — | 160 (120, 188) | 144 (120, 160) | 0.0027 | |
| Non-paced | 100 (80, 120) | 110 (90, 122) | 120 (100, 160) | <.0001 | |
| Intraventricular conduction | N=1178 | N=659 | N=426 | ||
| Normal | 717 (61) | 233 (35) | 29 (7) | <.0001 | |
| LBBB | 272 (23) | 78 (12) | 29 (7) | ||
| RBBB | 48 (4) | 29 (4) | 8 (2) | ||
| IVCD | 141 (12) | 127 (19) | 24 (6) | ||
| Paced | NA | 192 (29) | 336 (79) | ||
| Medications | |||||
| Beta blocker | 1153 (95) | 641 (94) | 409 (94) | 0.48 | |
| Beta-blocker dose (carvedilol equivalents, mg) | 38 (13,50) | 25 (13,50) | 25 (13,50) | 0.37 | |
| Digoxin | 476 (39) | 321 (47) | 249 (57) | <.0001 | |
| ACE-I/ARB | 1160 (96) | 634 (93) | 405 (93) | 0.019 | |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 488 (40) | 323 (47) | 240 (55) | <.0001 | |
| Aspirin | 788 (65) | 451 (66) | 254 (58) | 0.021 | |
| Statin | 526 (43) | 371 (54) | 200 (46) | <.0001 | |
| Loop diuretic dose (furosemide equivalents, mg) | 40 (0,80) | 40 (20,80) | 40 (20,80) | <.0001 | |
| Antiarrhythmic Therapy | 61 (5) | 156 (23) | 124 (29) | <.0001 | |
| Amiodarone | 57 (5) | 128 (19) | 106 (24) | <.0001 | |
| Sotalol | 2 (<1) | 20 (3) | 13 (3) | <.0001 | |
| Other | 1 (<1) | 7 (1) | 8 (2) | 0.0001 | |
| 6-min walk distance, meters | 375 (305, 442) | 366 (290, 433) | 363 (290,421) | 0.0025 | |
| Exercise duration on CPX, minutes | 10 (7,12) | 9 (7,12) | 9 (7,11) | 0.0033 | |
| Training heart rate, bpm | 104 (91,114) | 97 (85,108) | 98 (88,109) | <.0001 | |
| Peak VO2, ml/kg/min | 15.0 (11.8, 18.2) | 14.2 (11.1, 17.2) | 13.8 (11.3,16.8) | <.0001 | |
| Creatinine clearance (MDRD) | 71 (56, 86) | 64 (49, 79) | 59 (45,74) | <.0001 | |
| Prior AF/flutter | 166 (14) | 184 (27) | 138 (32) | <.0001 | |
| Prior Sustained VT/VF | 26 (2) | 204 (30) | 114 (26) | <.0001 | |
| Beck Depression Inventory II score | 8 (4,15) | 9 (5,16) | 8 (5,14) | 0.38 | |
*
Continuous variables show as median (25th, 75th percentiles).
HF = heart failure, MI = myocardial infarction, NYHA = New York Heart Association, KCCQ = Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CPX = cardiopulmonary exercise test, MDRD = modification of diet in renal disease, VT = ventricular tachycardia, VF = ventricular fibrillation, ACE-I = ace-inhibitor, ARB = angiotensin receptor blockade, LBBB = left bundle branch block, RBBB = right bundle branch block, IVCD = non-specific intraventricular conduction delay, BiV = biventricular.