Table 2. Treatment Outcome and Process Measures.
| Variable | CBGT Mean (SD) (n = 36) | MBSR Mean (SD) (n = 36) | WL Mean (SD) (n = 36) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Outcome | |||
| Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - SR | |||
| Baseline | 91.8 (17.9) | 91.9 (19.9) | 88.3 (16.1) |
| Post-Tx/WL | 49.0 (16.3) | 54.8 (18.6) | 76.2 (22.8) |
| Within-group effect | t(35)=10.4***, d=1.74 | t(35)=10.7***, d=1.79 | t(35)=5.3***, d=0.88 |
| Treatment-Related Processes | |||
| Cognitive Reappraisal Frequency | |||
| Baseline | 3.7 (1.1) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.9 (1.4) |
| Post-Tx/WL | 4.8 (0.8) | 4.8 (0.8) | 4.3 (1.4) |
| Within-group effect | t(30)=4.5***, d=0.81 | t(26)=5.2***, d=1.01 | t(33)=2.4*, d=0.41 |
| Cognitive Reappraisal Self-Efficacy | |||
| Baseline | 3.5 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.3) | 4.0 (1.4) |
| Post-Tx/WL | 4.9 (0.9) | 4.4 (1.0) | 4.2 (1.4) |
| Within-group effect | t(30)=5.3***, d=0.95 | t(26)=3.1**, d=0.60 | t(33)=0.7, d=0.11 |
| Subtle Avoidance | |||
| Baseline | 83.0 (18.1) | 83.5 (16.8) | 88.4 (20.9) |
| Post-Tx/WL | 62.9 (13.7) | 73.7 (16.1) | 87.4 (21.7) |
| Within-group effect | t(29)=5.7***, d=1.03 | t(26)=2.9**, d=0.55 | t(33)=0.5, d=0.09 |
| Cognitive Distortions | |||
| Baseline | 28.2 (16.5) | 30.2 (15.2) | 32.8 (14.9) |
| Post-Tx/WL | 19.1 (10.7) | 21.9 (13.5) | 31.8 (16.6) |
| Within-group effect | t(29)=2.9**, d=0.53 | t(26)=3.8**, d=0.73 | t(33)=0.5, d=0.09 |
| Mindfulness Skills | |||
| Baseline | 109.1 (16.5) | 105.7 (14.9) | 110.8 (16.1) |
| Post-Tx/WL | 123.5 (15.9) | 123.3 (22.4) | 105.2 (15.2) |
| Within-group effect | t(30)=5.6***, d=1.00 | t(27)=4.3***, d=0.80 | t(33)=3.4**, d=0.58 |
| Attention Focusing | |||
| Baseline | 22.3 (4.4) | 22.6 (6.1) | 22.3 (5.0) |
| Post-Tx/WL | 23.3 (5.4) | 23.7 (5.6) | 21.5 (5.9) |
| Within-group effect | t(30)=1.3, d=0.23 | t(27)=1.7, d=0.31 | t(33)=1.7, d=0.29 |
| Attention Shifting | |||
| Baseline | 23.1 (3.6) | 24.1 (4.8) | 23.5 (5.1) |
| Post-Tx/WL | 24.6 (4.8) | 24.6 (4.8) | 22.6 (4.6) |
| Within-group effect | t(30)=1.8, d=0.33 | t(27)=0.8, d=0.16 | t(33)=1.7, d=0.28 |
| Rumination | |||
| Baseline | 13.3 (3.8) | 13.4 (3.7) | 13.4 (3.3) |
| Post-Tx/WL | 10.4 (3.9) | 11.9 (4.2) | 13.7 (3.3) |
| Within-group effect | t(29)=4.3***, d=0.77 | t(26)=1.7, d=0.32 | t(33)=-0.5, d=0.08 |
Note. CBGT = cognitive-behavioral group therapy, MBSR = mindfulness-based stress reduction, WL = waitlist, Tx = treatment, d = Cohen's d effect size measure, Pre vs. post within-group change
*
p < .01,
**
p < .005,
***
p < .001