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. 2016 Apr 20;7:149. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00149

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The IL-1 receptor (ILRs) and toll-like receptor (TLRs) superfamily. Ligands, receptors, accessory proteins, and regulators are shown. Ligands of the ILR family include IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-38, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-18. Microbial compounds (LPS, CpG, poly IC, flagellin, and others), β-amyloid, and danger signals are ligands for TLRs. IL-1R, IL-33R, IL-36R, and IL-18R complexes transduce positive signals. IL-R2, sIL-1R1, IL-1Ra, IL-36Ra IL-18BP, and IL-1R8 are negative regulators acting at different levels. IL-37 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which signal is dependent on the formation of a tripartite complex (IL-37/IL-1R5/IL-1R8). IL-1R3 is an accessory protein, which activity is necessary for IL-R1, IL-1R2, IL-1R4, and IL-1R6 function. IL-1R8, IL-1R9, and IL-1R10 are still orphan receptors.