. 2016 Jan 28;91:15–35. doi: 10.1007/s11103-016-0434-2

Table 1.

Physiological and morphological measurements

Characteristic	Genotype
Characteristic	RB867515	S. officinarum	S. robustum	S. spontaneum
Culm diameter (mm)	20.15 ± 0.15^a	25.94 ± 1.34^b	15.22 ± 0.10^c	8.75 ± 0.16^d
Water content in the culm (%)	83.7 ± 0.8^ab	87.0 ± 0.8^a	78.8 ± 0.8^b	63.1 ± 2.5^c
Culm fresh weight (kg)	1.56 ± 0.045^a	0.43 ± 0.009^b	0.28 ± 0.013^c	0.22 ± 0.009^c
Plant height (m)	2.35 ± 0.028^a	0.87 ± 0.029^b	1.25 ± 0.057^c	2.42 ± 0.037^a
Brix°	10.67 ± 0.33^a	10.67 ± 0.33^a	5.67 ± 0.33^b	2.26 ± 0.26^c
Photosynthesis (A) (µmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹)	23.5 ± 1.2^a	27.5 ± 2.0^a	23.4 ± 1.4^a	15.1 ± 1.1^b
Transpiration (E) (mmol H₂O m⁻² s⁻¹)	6.7 ± 0.22^a	7.0 ± 0.23^a	6.6 ± 0.55^a	2.9 ± 0.44^b
Water use efficiency (WUE) (A/E)	3.5 ± 0.11^a	3.8 ± 0.25^a	3.6 ± 0.29^a	5.3 ± 0.47^b
Stomatal conductance	0.21 ± 0.013^a	0.24 ± 0.016^a	0.18 ± 0.030^ab	0.10 ± 0.016^b
Lignin content (% of dry weight)
Leaf+1	17.4 ± 0.06^a	17.8 ± 0.11^a	16.8 ± 0.52^a	17.4 ± 0.36^a
Immature internodes	13.8 ± 0.36^ab	14.5 ± 0.30^b	13.3 ± 0.26^ab	12.9 ± 0.39^a
Intermediate internodes	12.2 ± 0.37^a	12.9 ± 0.58^a	13.2 ± 0.44^a	16.8 ± 0.21^b
Mature internodes	16.6 ± 0.15^a	14.8 ± 0.43^a	16.5 ± 0.73^a	19.3 ± 0.78^b
Soluble sugars (mg/g of dry weight)
Sucrose
Leaf+1	33.4 ± 1.13^a	31.5 ± 0.18^a	31.3 ± 1.32^a	35.9 ± 2.29^a
Intermediate internodes	34.5 ± 4.11^a	46.8 ± 2.41^a	42.3 ± 3.51^a	44.3 ± 3.02^a
Mature internodes	78.3 ± 0.85^a	61.3 ± 1.98^b	57.9 ± 1.29^b	39.8 ± 1.92^c
Reducing sugars (glucose + fructose)
Leaf+1	5.9 ± 1.55^a	15.8 ± 0.84^b	15.2 ± 1.83^bc	9.3 ± 0.95^ac
Intermediate internodes	147.9 ± 5.85^a	136.8 ± 17.38^a	98.8 ± 16.75^ab	58.7 ± 4.66^b
Mature internodes	158.9 ± 9.5^a	164.1 ± 6.42^a	81.3 ± 9.43^b	28.7 ± 3.82^c
Total (sucrose + glucose + fructose)
Leaf+1	39.1 ± 2.68^a	47.3 ± 0.65^a	46.5 ± 2.04^a	45.2 ± 3.11^a
Intermediate internodes	182.2 ± 9.76^a	183.6 ± 16.89^a	141.1 ± 20.13^ab	103.1 ± 7.66^b
Mature internodes	237.2 ± 9.27^a	225.4 ± 6.04^a	139.2 ± 8.47^b	68.1 ± 4.25^c

Different letters next to of each value denote different means between genotypes by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Differences between tissues were not evaluated. Error = SEM; N = 3 for all measurements, except for photosynthesis, transpiration and WUE, where N = 8