Table 2.
Site of infection and types of microorganisms in culture-positive infected patients n (%)
| All patients with infection (n = 1042) | Appropriate therapy (n = 948) | Inappropriate therapy (n = 94) | P value | |
| Site of primary infection | ||||
| Respiratory tract | 716 (68.7) | 658 (69.4) | 58 (61.7) | 0.12 |
| Abdomen/GIT | 49 (4.7) | 46 (4.9) | 3 (3.2) | > 0.20 |
| Renal/urinary tract | 33 (3.2) | 32 (3.4) | 1 (1.1) | > 0.20 |
| Skin | 13 (1.2) | 13 (1.4) | 0 | > 0.20 |
| CNS | 12 (1.2) | 10 (1.1) | 2 (2.1) | > 0.20 |
| Endocarditis | 26 (2.5) | 24 (2.5) | 2 (2.3) | > 0.20 |
| Bloodstream | 5 (0.5) | 5 (0.5) | 0 | > 0.20 |
| Others | 35 (3.4) | 33 (3.5) | 2 (2.1) | > 0.20 |
| Sepsis | 207 (19.8) | 179 (18.9) | 28 (29.8) | 0.011 |
| Sites with detection of microorganism | ||||
| Respiratory tract | 400 (38.4) | 345 (36.4) | 55 (58.5) | 0.000026 |
| Gastrointestinal | 215 (20.6) | 184 (19.4) | 31 (33.0) | 0.0019 |
| Bloodstream | 156 (15.0) | 130 (13.7) | 26 (27.7) | 0.00030 |
| Renal/urinary tract | 185 (17.8) | 155 (16.4) | 30 (31.9) | 0.000165 |
| Skin | 174 (16.7) | 145 (15.3) | 29 (30.9) | 0.00012 |
| Catheter-related | 51 (4.9) | 39 (4.1) | 12 (12.8) | 0.00021 |
| CNS | 10 (1.0) | 10 (1.1) | 0 | > 0.20 |
| Others | 87 (8.4) | 70 (7.4) | 17 (18.1) | 0.00055 |
| Culture-positive | 697 (66.9) | 606 (63.9) | 91 (69.8) | < 0.000001 |
| Gram-positive isolates | 473 (45.4) | 400 (42.2) | 73 (77.7) | < 0.000001 |
| S. aureus | 187 (17.9) | 171 (18.0) | 16 (17.0) | > 0.20 |
| MRSA | 45 (4.3) | 31 (3.3) | 14 (14.9) | < 0.000001 |
| S. epidermidis | 17 (1.6) | 15 (1.6) | 2 (2.1) | > 0.20 |
| S. pneumoniae | 16 (1.5) | 12 (1.3) | 4 (4.3) | 0.025 |
| VSE | 93 (8.9) | 67 (7.1) | 26 (27.7) | < 0.000001 |
| VRE | 91 (8.7) | 68 (7.2) | 23 (24.5) | < 0.000001 |
| Others | 172 (16.5) | 138 (14.5) | 34 (36.2) | < 0.000001 |
| Gram-negative isolates | 368 (35.3) | 320 (33.8) | 48 (51.1) | 0.00081 |
| E. coli | 99 (9.5) | 89 (9.4) | 10 (10.6) | > 0.20 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 45 (4.3) | 39 (4.1) | 6 (6.4) | > 0.20 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 56 (5.4) | 49 (5.2) | 7 (7.4) | > 0.20 |
| Pseudomonas spp. | 93 (8.9) | 79 (8.3) | 14 (14.9) | 0.033 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 10 (1.0) | 5 (0.5) | 5 (5.3) | 0.0000055 |
| ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae | 42 (4.0) | 37 (3.9) | 5 (5.3) | > 0.20 |
| Others | 148 (14.2) | 122 (12.8) | 26 (27.7) | 0.00099 |
| Other bacteria | 17 (1.6) | 11 (1.2) | 6 (6.4) | 0.00014 |
| Fungi | 484 (46,5) | 421 (40,4) | 63 (6,1) | 0.00028 |
| Candia albicans | 406 (39.0) | 359 (37.9) | 47 (50) | 0.021 |
| Other Candida spp. | 197 (18.9) | 165 (17.4) | 32 (3.4) | 0.010 |
| C. glabrata | 128 (12.3) | 108 (11.4) | 20 (21.3) | |
| C. tropicalis | 39 (3.7) | 33 (3.5) | 6 (6.4) | |
| C. krusei | 17 (1.6) | 13 (1.4) | 4 (4.3) | |
| Others | 13 (1.3) | 11 (1.2) | 2 (2.1) | |
| Aspergillus spp. | 27 (2.6) | 8 (0.8) | 19 (20.2) | < 0.000001 |
| Pneumocystis jiroveci | 14 (1.3) | 4 (0.4) | 10 (10.6) | < 0.000001 |
| Other fungi | 10 (1.0) | 10 (1.1) | 0 | > 0.20 |
| Parasites | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0.00072 |
| Multiresistant-bacteria | 235 (22.6) | 180 (19.0) | 55 (58.5) | < 0.000001 |
| MRSA | 45 (4.3) | 31 (3.3) | 14 (14.9) | |
| VRE | 91 (8.7) | 68 (7.2) | 23 (24.5) | |
| ESBL-producing | 42 (4.0) | 37 (3.9) | 5 (5.3) | |
| Enterobacteriaceae | ||||
| Pseudomonas spp. | 16 (1.5) | 14 (1.5) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Stenotrophomonas spp. | 19 (1.8) | 12 (1.3) | 7 (7.4) | |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 3 (0.29) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Others | 21 (2.01) | 19 (2.0) | 2 (2.2) | |
Appropriate therapy: Patients who received appropriate antimicrobial-therapy; Inappropriate therapy: Patients who received inappropriate antimicrobial-therapy; GIT: Gastrointestinal tract; CNS: Central nervous system; VSE: Vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus; VRE: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; ESBL: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria; MRSA: Methicilline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.