Table 3.
Characteristics of patients with infection according to appropriate or inappropriate antimicrobial-therapy n (%)
| Characteristic | All patients with infection (n = 1042) | Appropriate therapy (n = 948) | Inappropriate therapy (n = 94) | OR (95%CI) | P value |
| Age (yr), mean ± SD (range) | 61 ± 16 (16-95) | 61 ± 16 (16-95) | 61 ± 14 (21-88) | 1.003 (0.99-1.017) | > 0.20 |
| Male sex | 622 (60.0) | 376 (39.7) | 0.747 (0.488-1.143) | 0.18 | |
| Days on ICU, mean ± SD (range) | 8.12 ± 12 (1-217) | 7.68 ± 11.958 (1-217) | 10.02 ± 11.134 (1-59) | 1.011 (0.998-0.024) | 0.092 |
| ICU-mortality | 324 (31.3) | 287 (30.3) | 37 (39.4) | 0.669 (0.432-1.035) | 0.071 |
| Hospital-mortality | 350 (33.6) | 310 (32.7) | 40 (42.6) | 0.656 (0.426-1.009) | 0.055 |
| Severity score on admission day | |||||
| SAPS II, mean ± SD (range) | 38.67 ± 15.64 (5-93) | 38.54 ± 15.82 (5-93) | 39.95 ± 13.78 (8-68) | 1.006 (0.992-1.020) | > 0.20 |
| TISS, mean ± SD (range) | 11.57 ± 9.11 (0-55) | 11.74 ± 9.25 (0-55) | 9.86 ± 7.42 (0-28) | 0.976 (0.951-1.002) | 0.071 |
| Highest severity score within 7 d after admission | |||||
| SAPS II, mean ± SD (range) | 43.88 ± 16.57 (6-93) | 43.68 ± 16.71 (6-93) | 45.87 ± 15.09 (8-81) | 1.008 (0.994-1.022) | > 0.20 |
| TISS. mean ± SD (range) | 14.65 ± 9.14 (0-55) | 14.68 ± 9.27 (0-55) | 14.32 ± 7.73 (0-38) | 0.996 (0.971-1.021) | > 0.20 |
| Type of Admission | 0.0022 | ||||
| Internal Medicine ICU | 550 (52.8) | 486 (51.3) | 64 (68.1) | ||
| Cardiology ICU | 491 (47.1) | 461 (48.7) | 30 (31.9) | ||
| Source of admission | > 0.20 | ||||
| Emergency department | 455 (43.7) | 418 (44.1) | 37 (39.4) | Reference | |
| Other hospital | 187 (17.9) | 170 (17.9) | 17 (18.1) | 0.425 (0.153-1.179) | 0.10 |
| Hospital ward | 337 (32.3) | 305 (32.2) | 32 (34.0) | 0.48 (0.162-1.429) | 0.19 |
| Operating room | 34 (3.3) | 31 (3.3) | 3 (3.2) | 0.504 (0.18-1.411) | 0.19 |
| Surgical IMC/ICU | 29 (2.7) | 24 (2.6) | 5 (5.3) | 0.465 (0.101-2.14) | > 0.20 |
| Comorbid conditions | 806 (77.4) | 729 (76.9) | 77 (81.9) | 0.842 (0.498-1.424) | > 0.20 |
| COPD | 149 (14.3) | 137 (14.5) | 12 (12.8) | 1.154 (0.613-2.172) | > 0.20 |
| Heart failure (EF < 30%) | 55 (5.3) | 50 (5.3) | 5 (5.3) | 0.991 (0.385-2.549) | > 0.20 |
| Coronary artery disease | 211 (20.2) | 195 (20.6) | 16 (17.0) | 1.262 (0.721-2.211) | > 0.20 |
| Chronic renal failure | 202 (19.4) | 182 (19.2) | 20 (21.3) | 0.879 (0.523-1.478) | > 0.20 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 247 (23.7) | 220 (23.2) | 27 (28.7) | 0.750 (0.468-1.202) | > 0.20 |
| Liver-cirrhosis | 118 (11.3) | 100 (10.5) | 18 (19.1) | 0.498 (0.286-0.866) | 0.014 |
| Cancer | 140 (13.4) | 122 (12.9) | 18 (19.1) | 0.624 (0.361-1.079) | 0.091 |
| Hematologic neoplasia | 72 (6.9) | 68 (7.2) | 4 (4.3) | 1.739 (0.620-4.877) | > 0.20 |
| HIV | 61 (5.9) | 51 (5.4) | 10 (10.6) | 0.478 (0.234-0.975) | 0.042 |
| Immunosuppressive Tx. | 77 (7.4) | 69 (7.3) | 8 (8.5) | 0.844 (0.393-1.813) | > 0.20 |
| Chemotherapy | 53 (5.1) | 47 (5.0) | 6 (6.4) | 2.634 (1.691-4.102) | 0.000018 |
| Number of cormobid conditions | > 0.20 | ||||
| 0 | 236 | 219 (23.1) | 17 (18.1) | ||
| 1 | 336 | 304 (32.1) | 32 (34.0) | ||
| 2 | 241 | 219 (23.1) | 22 (23.4) | ||
| 3 | 151 | 138 (14.6) | 13 (13.8) | ||
| > 3 | 78 | 68 (7.2) | 10 (10.6) | ||
| Mechanical ventilation | 677 (65.0) | 621 (65.5) | 56 (59.6) | 1.289 (0.836-1.987) | > 0.20 |
| Hemodialysis | 213 (20.4) | 194 (20.5) | 19 (20.2) | 1.016 (0.599-1.721) | > 0.20 |
Appropriate therapy: Patients who received appropriate antimicrobial-therapy; Inappropriate therapy: Patients who received inappropriate antimicrobial-therapy; SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; TISS: Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System; ICU: Intensive care unit; IMC: Internal Medicine ICU includes patients from Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, Endocrinology, Oncology, Hematology, Infectiology, Rheumatology departments, while Cardiology-ICU include patients from Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology department; EF: Ejection fraction.