Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 4.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Intern Med. 2015 Aug 4;163(3):205–214. doi: 10.7326/M15-0285

Appendix Table 4.

Quality of Included Studies

Study, Year (Reference) Individual Quality Assessment Criteria Ratings
Overall Rating COI Absent?
1a 1b 1c 2a 2b 3a 3b 3c 3d 4 5
Studies in adults

 Bischof et al, 2008 (33) UNCL Low Low Low Low High UNCL UNCL Low Low Low Moderate Yes

 Boon et al, 2011 (57) Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low UNCL Low Yes

 Brendryen et al, 2014 (36) Low Low Low High High High UNCL UNCL Low High Low Moderate Yes

 Cucciare et al, 2013 (47) Low UNCL Low Low Low UNCL Low Low Low Low Low Low No

 Cunningham et al, 2009 (45) Low UNCL Low Low Low UNCL UNCL UNCL Low Low Low Moderate Yes

 Gustafson et al, 2014 (32) Low UNCL Low UNCL Low High NA High Low Low Low Moderate Yes

 Hansen et al, 2012 (46) Low Low Low Low Low UNCL UNCL UNCL UNCL UNCL Low Moderate Yes

 Hasin et al, 2013 (34) Low Low Low Low Low High Low Low Low Low Low Low Yes

 Mundt et al, 2006 (35) UNCL UNCL Low Low Low High UNCL High Low UNCL UNCL High No

 Neumann et al, 2006 (43) UNCL UNCL Low UNCL Low High UNCL UNCL Low High UNCL High Yes

 Riper et al, 2008 (44) UNCL UNCL Low UNCL High High UNCL UNCL Low High Low High Yes

 Schulz et al, 2013 (40) Low UNCL Low Low Low High NA Low Low Low Low Moderate Yes

 Sinadinovic et al, 2012 (41) UNCL UNCL High UNCL High High UNCL UNCL Low High Low High Yes

 Wallace et al, 2011 (42) Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low High Low Moderate Yes
Studies in college students

 Collins et al, 2014 (54) Low UNCL Low Low Low UNCL Low Low Low High Low Moderate UNCL

 Hester et al, 2012 (56) UNCL UNCL Low Low Low High UNCL UNCL Low UNCL Low High Yes

 Kypri et al, 2009 (38) Low Low UNCL Low Low UNCL Low Low Low Low Low Low Yes

 Kypri et al, 2008 (39) Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Yes

 Kypri et al, 2004 (48) Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Yes

 LaBrie et al, 2013 (51) Low UNCL Low Low Low UNCL Low Low Low UNCL Low Moderate UNCL

 Lewis et al, 2014 (55) Low Low Low Low Low High Low Low Low Low Low Low UNCL

 Monahan et al, 2013 (49) Low UNCL Low Low Low High Low Low Low UNCL UNCL Moderate Yes

 Moreira et al, 2012 (58) Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low High Low Moderate Yes

 Neighbors et al, 2010 (37) Low Low UNCL UNCL Low UNCL Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Yes

 Neighbors et al, 2004 (50) UNCL High UNCL Low Low UNCL Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Yes

 Voogt et al, 2013 (52) Low UNCL Low UNCL Low Low UNCL UNCL Low Low Low Moderate Yes

 Voogt et al, 2014 (61) Low Low Low Low Low High Low Low Low Low Low Low UNCL

 Walters et al, 2009 (53) UNCL UNCL Low Low Low High Low High Low Low Low Moderate Yes

COI = conflict of interest; NA = not applicable; UNCL = unclear.