Table 3.
Actual and estimated species richness for 18 fixed-streams along an altitudinal gradient in Peninsular Malaysia. Numbers in parentheses indicate sampling efficiencya
| Altitudes | Actual species | Mean richness (± SE) | Chao estimates | First Order Jackknife |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 35 | 3.15 ± 2.00 | 41.3 ± 2.08 (84.7) | 39.8 ± 1.95 (87.9) |
| Low altitude | ||||
| E1 | 13 | 2.52 ± 0.35 | 13.7 ± 1.10 (94.8) | 16.8 ± 1.78 (77.4) |
| E2 | 15 | 3.43 ± 0.31 | 24.0 ± 7.69 (62.5) | 21.7 ± 3.22 (69.1) |
| E3 | 15 | 3.50 ± 0.28 | 23.0 ± 8.31 (65.2) | 19.8 ± 1.90 (75.7) |
| E4 | 8 | 3.21 ± 0.41 | 8.4 ± 0.95 (95.1) | 8.95 ± 0.96 (89.4) |
| E5 | 12 | 4.30 ± 0.52 | 12.1 ± 0.92 (99.2) | 12.9 ± 0.96 (93.0) |
| E6 | 14 | 4.64 ± 0.48 | 16.0 ± 3.01 (87.5) | 16.9 ± 1.59 (82.8) |
| Middle altitude | ||||
| E7 | 16 | 5.35 ± 0.67 | 18.0 ± 3.01 (88.8) | 17.9 ± 1.33 (89.4) |
| E8 | 12 | 2.33 ± 0.40 | 16.1 ± 11.5 (74.5) | 17.7 ± 2.07 (67.8) |
| E9 | 14 | 2.65 ± 0.33 | 20.3 ± 5.89 (68.9) | 18.8 ± 1.95 (74.5) |
| E10 | 5 | 2.67 ± 0.67 | 7.0 ± 3.01 (71.4) | 7.8 ± 2.87 (64.1) |
| E11 | 11 | 3.21 ± 0.32 | 13.6 ± 7.78 (80.9) | 13.9 ± 1.59 (79.1) |
| High altitude | ||||
| E12 | 11 | 3.44 ± 0.35 | 13.4 ± 0.60 (82.1) | 12.9 ± 1.32 (85.2) |
| E13 | 16 | 3.34 ± 0.43 | 22.3 ± 5.89 (71.7) | 20.8 ± 2.40 (76.9) |
| E14 | 13 | 3.36 ± 0.50 | 16.5 ± 5.66 (78.8) | 17.8 ± 2.39 (73.0) |
| E15 | 13 | 2.83 ± 0.28 | 14.7 ± 6.17 (88.4) | 20.7 ± 3.29 (62.8) |
| E16 | 4 | 1.69 ± 0.15 | 4.1 ± 0.37 (97.5) | 4.09 ± 0.09 (97.8) |
| E17 | 7 | 1.29 ± 0.18 | 11.0 ± 1.03 (63.6) | 11.2 ± 3.83 (62.5) |
| E18 | 10 | 1.76 ± 0.42 | 14.2 ± 6.82 (70.4) | 16.1 ± 1.95 (62.1) |
aSampling efficiency was calculated by dividing the number of actual species sampled by the number of estimated species [36]