Table 1.

Mean values (± SD) of daily dietary intake before Ramadan (S1), in the first week of Ramadan (S2), and in the fourth week of Ramadan (S3)

	S1	S2	S3
Energy (MJ/d)	13.3 ± 2.2	15.9 ± 2.1*	16.9 ± 2.0††
Energy (Kcal/d)	3173.3 ± 531.1	3774.7 ± 527.2*	4042.1 ± 488.9††
Protein (g/d)	108.0 ± 36.7	123.6 ± 21.3	128.0 ± 22.7
Protein (% of energy)	11.9 ± 2.4	12.1 ± 2.1	11.8 ± 1.4
Carbohydrates (g/d)	439.6 ± 78.3	471.1 ± 110.4	495.3 ± 66.9
Carbohydrates (% of energy)	54.1 ± 7.0	48.1 ± 5.5*	48.3 ± 4.7†
Total fat (g/d)	126.8 ± 36.4	171.2 ± 20.2**	185.2 ± 32.2†††
Total fat (% of energy)	34.0 ± 5.8	39.8 ± 5.6**	40.0 ± 5.6††
Fluid intake (l)	1.8 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.6**	2.2 ± 0.6†

^{*, **}: significant differences between S2 and S1 at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively

^{†, ††, †††}: significant differences between S3 and S1 at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively