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MiRNA biogenesis. A. The canonical pre-miRNA pathway produces pre-miRNAs through cleavage of pri-miRNA transcripts by the Drosha-DGCR8 microprocessor complex. B. The non-canonical pathway. Mirtrons are spliced and debranched by the Ldbr enzyme, after which they fold into pre-miRNA hairpins. Then, the pathways merge. The green box indicates a miRNA gene; exons 1 and 2 are exons of the host gene encoding intronic miRNA.
