Table 1.

Targets and the possible mechanisms of the effect of certain miRNAs whose expression was disrupted during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.

miRNA	Cell type	Change in expression*	Target genes	Effect of changed miRNA expression	Reference
let-7e	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↑	IL10	Stimulation of development of Th1 and Th17 cells	[48]
miR-17	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↑	IKZF4	Increased polarization of Th17 cells	[49]
miR-19b	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↑	PTEN	Activation of Th17 cell differentiation	[49]
miR-20b	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↓	RORC, STAT3	Activation of Th17 cell differentiation	[50]
mir-21	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↑	SMAD7	Activation of Th17 cell differentiation	[51]
miR-23b	Spinal cord cells	↓	TAB2, TAB3, CHUK	Stimulation of IL-17-mediated autoimmune inflammation	[38]
miR-26a	Brain cells	↓	IL6	Increased expression of Th17-mediated cytokines	[52]
miR-29b	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↑	TBX21, IFNG	Regulation of Th1 cell differentiation	[53]
miR-124	Bone marrow macrophages	↓	CEBPA, SPI1	Activation of phagocytic activity, inhibition of microglia differentiation	[47]
miR- 132/212	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↓	ACHE	Stimulation of T cell proliferation and production of IL-17 and IFN-γ; increased catalytic activity of acetylcholinesterase	[54]
miR-146a	Bone marrow stem cells	↑	PTGES2	Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis	[45]
miR-155	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↑	SOCS1	Stimulation of development of Th1 and Th17 cells	[42]
		↑	INPP5D	Disturbance of myelin proliferation	[42]
miR-301a	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↑	PIAS3	Regulation of Th17 cell differentiation	[55]
miR-326	CD4+ T lymphocytes	↑	ETS1	Stimulation of development and proliferation of Th17 cells	[56]
miR-873	Primary astrocyte culture	↑	TNFAIP3	Stimulation of production of inflammatory cytokines and increased demyelination of nerve fibers	[57]

*Hereinafter: an increase (↑) or decrease (↓) in miRNA expression upon experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.