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Binding sites of transcription factors in HIV-1 5’-LTR. Schematic representation of HIV-1 provirus and the major binding sites of transcription factors. Positions of the 5’-LTR regions are specified: U3 (nucleotides 1–455), R (456–552), and U5 (553–634). The transcription initiation site is shown with an arrow and corresponds to the border between the U3 and R regions [13].
