. 2015 Dec 30;53(2):1035–1046. doi: 10.1007/s13197-015-2158-8

Table 3.

Volatile flavouring compounds produced from AMF after treatment with three different lipases in different hydrolysis periods

Rt	Compound	AMF treated with different lipases
		Control	Lipozyme-435			Novozyme-435			TL-IM
		Control	12H	18H	24H	12H	18H	24H	12H	18H	24H
3.36	Butanoic acid	18.03 ± 0.69^a	44.96 ± 0.64^c	44.61 ± 0.80^c	44.11 ± 0.57^c	48.41 ± 1.98^d	55.93 ± 2.00^d	51.37 ± 0.45^d	28.55 ± 1.01^b	30.45 ± 2.64^b	32.26 ± 2.67^b
4.68	2-Heptanone	5.24 ± 0.27^c	nd^a	0.75 ± 0.11^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.54 ± 0.06^b	nd^a	0.89 ± 0.15^b	0.76 ± 0.08^b	nd^a
5.61	Hexanoic acid	2.46 ± 0.20^a	24.59 ± 0.26^b	23.39 ± 1.47^b	23.58 ± 0.79^b	26.76 ± 1.33^c	24.48 ± 0.68^b	25.62 ± 0.17^c	23.01 ± 1.80^b	23.66 ± 0.46^b	24.62 ± 0.78^bc
6.28	Bicyclopentylidene	2.37 ± 0.13^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^b	nd^b	nd^a
6.94	2-Nonanone	1.94 ± 0.46^c	0.54 ± 0.10^ab	0.52 ± 0.07^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.56 ± 0.06^b	nd^a	0.73 ± 0.37^b	nd^a	nd^a
7.70	Octanoic acid	nd^a	6.27 ± 0.25^b	5.40 ± 0.90^b	7.42 ± 1.05^c	6.08 ± 0.33^b	6.34 ± 0.78^b	5.44 ± 0.34^b	11.54 ± 2.19^c	13.20 ± 0.93^c	10.90 ± 1.77^d
7.86	Docosanoic Acid, Docosyl ester	4.38 ± 0.57^c	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.73 ± 0.08^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
8.51	Propane, 1, 3-di(octadecyloxy)-	10.33 ± 0.95^c	4.56 ± 0.17^b	2.16 ± 0.17^a	2.35 ± 0.25^ab	2.36 ± 0.06^a	1.63 ± 0.09^a	1.67 ± 0.07^a	5.79 ± 1.89^b	5.53 ± 0.41^b	3.20 ± 0.46^b
9.32	Benzaldehyde	3.37 ± 0.47^c	0.60 ± 0.14^b	0.56 ± 0.15^b	0.69 ± 0.06^b	1.10 ± 0.36^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.56 ± 0.06^b	0.68 ± 0.07^b	0.52 ± 0.07^b
9.58	n-Decanoic acid	2.33 ± 0.10^a	5.35 ± 0.74^b	4.69 ± 0.50^b	4.11 ± 0.63^a	5.42 ± 0.17^b	5.32 ± 1.09^b	2.96 ± 0.13^a	8.71 ± 1.49^c	9.95 ± 0.92^c	9.11 ± 1.80^b
10.06	Phenol, o-(methylthio)-	10.83 ± 0.08^d	5.61 ± 0.42^b	4.77 ± 0.27^b	7.25 ± 0.13^b	3.40 ± 0.42^a	0.85 ± 0.20^a	2.47 ± 0.50^a	7.76 ± 1.33^c	5.99 ± 1.39^b	9.93 ± 0.42^c
10.64	4-Decanol	1.66 ± 0.38^c	0.82 ± 0.21^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.53 ± 0.06^b	1.16 ± 0.39^c	0.55 ± 0.12^b	nd^a	nd^a
10.94	4-Methylhexanoic acid	1.51 ± 0.19^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
11.36	Dodecanoic acid	nd^a	nd^a	0.48 ± 0.40^b	2.23 ± 0.30^c	0.95 ± 0.03^b	0.89 ± 0.10^c	0.95 ± 0.14^b	1.35 ± 0.18^c	1.17 ± 0.04^d	1.17 ± 0.27^b
11.49	Acetaldehyde	2.81 ± 0.27^bc	1.75 ± 0.18^b	1.38 ± 0.18^b	0.97 ± 0.10^a	1.13 ± 0.05^a	0.56 ± 0.03^a	0.85 ± 0.19^a	1.53 ± 0.30^ab	3.02 ± 0.67^c	2.42 ± 0.65^b
12.41	Decanoic acid, decyl ester	10.38 ± 1.05^c	0.55 ± 0.09^b	1.35 ± 0.20^b	nd^a	1.10 ± 0.16^b	0.73 ± 0.21^b	1.64 ± 0.09^b	0.94 ± 0.18^b	0.54 ± 0.05^b	1.83 ± 0.30^b
12.86	Methyl-2-hydroxy-eicosanoate	1.67 ± 0.23^c	0.69 ± 0.06^a	1.22 ± 0.31^c	0.50 ± 0.01^a	0.82 ± 0.18^a	nd^a	1.26 ± 0.09^b	1.20 ± 0.22^b	1.10 ± 0.55^c	0.79 ± 0.21^a
13.18	Tetradecanoic acid	2.35 ± 0.20^d	nd^a	0.45 ± 0.05^a	0.78 ± 0.11^b	0.49 ± 0.04^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.76 ± 0.08^b	1.26 ± 0.18^c
13.41	Octadecane	0.58 ± 0.08^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.75 ± 0.08^c	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.65 ± 0.07^bc	nd^a	nd^a
13.90	2-Methyl docosane	1.58 ± 0.22^d	0.57 ± 0.08^b	0.52 ± 0.07^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.76 ± 0.13^b	0.90 ± 0.08^c	nd^a	nd^a
14.13	Stearic acid, allyl ester	0.87 ± 0.18^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
14.33	Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester	nd^a	nd^a	0.87 ± 0.09^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	1.04 ± 0.19^b	nd^a
14.57	n-Hexadecanoic acid	2.50 ± 0.35^c	0.64 ± 0.1^b	nd^a	0.56 ± 0.13^b	0.94 ± 0.12^b	nd^a	0.50 ± 0.03^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.59 ± 0.06^b
14.73	Eicosanoic acid	1.43 ± 0.14^c	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.53 ± 0.10^b	nd^a	nd^a
14.97	tert-Butyl palmitate	nd^a	nd^a	2.61 ± 0.21^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
15.37	(Z)-7-Hexadecenal	2.41 ± 0.16^c	0.75 ± 0.18^b	0.95 ± 0.06^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.52 ± 0.08^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
15.43	cis-11-Eicosenoic acid	nd^a	nd^a	1.53 ± 0.43^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	1.41 ± 0.16^b	1.44 ± 0.43^b	nd^a
15.70	Oleic acid	1.35 ± 0.13^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
15.81	Nonahexacontanoic acid	nd^a	nd^a	0.55 ± 0.06^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
16.06	Pentadecanoic acid	2.40 ± 0.90^b	0.77 ± 0.17^a	nd^a	0.58 ± 0.12^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.97 ± 0.12^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.56 ± 0.09^a
Total		94.78	99.02	98.76	95.88	98.96	96.61	97.22	96.90	99.29	99.16

Note: The same letter on the control and the same hydrolysis period in a same row is not significant (P < 0.05, Duncan)

nd means not detected

Standard deviation (±) represents repeated measurements from the samples

AMF means Anhydrous Milk Fat

Rt means Retention time