. 2015 Dec 30;53(2):1035–1046. doi: 10.1007/s13197-015-2158-8

Table 4.

Volatile flavouring compounds produced from ABF after treatment with three different lipases in different hydrolysis periods

Rt	Compound	ABF treated with different lipases
		Control	Lipozyme-435			Novozyme-435			TL-IM
		Control	12H	18H	24H	12H	18H	24H	12H	18H	24H
3.36	Butanoic acid	4.62 ± 0.78^a	62.57 ± 1.91^d	56.79 ± 2.06^c	54.00 ± 2.19^c	48.44 ± 3.03^c	64.37 ± 0.62^d	64.16 ± 0.86^d	37.91 ± 2.14^b	36.92 ± 2.44^b	37.47 ± 0.80^b
4.50	Pentanoic acid	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.75 ± .17^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
4.68	2-Heptanone	nd^a	0.82 ± 0.16^c	nd^a	0.61 ± 0.08^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.56 ± 0.05^b	1.07 ± 0.20^b	0.92 ± 0.10^c
5.61	Hexanoic acid	4.48 ± 0.57^a	19.47 ± 0.2.10^b	20.48 ± 0.90^c	22.28 ± 0.81^c	24.49 ± 2.20^c	17.69 ± 0.04^b	19.71 ± 1.07^b	21.04 ± 2.83^bc	18.85 ± 0.84^b	21.49 ± 1.60^bc
6.94	2-Nonanone	nd^a	1.43 ± 0.20^c	nd^a	0.58 ± 0.06^b	1.10 ± 0.08^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
7.70	Octanoic acid	1.37 ± 0.24^a	1.76 ± 0.33^a	3.98 ± 0.38^b	4.00 ± 0.64^bc	1.44 ± 0.28^a	3.62 ± 0.15^b	3.67 ± 0.13^b	6.27 ± 0.65^b	5.94 ± 0.24^c	4.76 ± 0.62^c
7.86	Docosanoic acid	0.58 ± .06^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
8.51	Propane,1,3-di(octadecyloxy)-	9.52 ± 1.48^d	1.20 ± 0.05^a	4.68 ± 0.90^b	2.65 ± 0.98^a	3.51 ± 0.97^b	2.34 ± 0.16^a	1.42 ± 0.14^a	7.33 ± 1.05^c	4.01 ± 0.58^b	5.49 ± 0.15^b
9.33	Benzaldehyde	2.50 ± 0.32^c	0.60 ± 0.04^b	nd^a	0.74 ± 0.08^b	0.58 ± 0.11^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.63 ± 0.05^b	nd^a
9.58	n-Decanoic acid	1.42 ± 0.24^a	2.71 ± 0.47^b	2.76 ± 0.04^b	2.96 ± 0.35^b	3.08 ± 0.22^b	2.69 ± 0.25^b	2.59 ± 0.22^b	3.73 ± 0.17^c	3.75 ± 0.69^c	4.42 ± 0.49^c
10.06	Phenol, o-(methylthio)-	12.77 ± 2.11^d	1.18 ± 0.23^a	6.54 ± 1.00^b	3.78 ± 0.94^a	7.03 ± 1.70^b	2.54 ± 0.82^a	1.98 ± 0.49^a	10.39 ± 2.22^c	6.42 ± 0.30^b	9.45 ± 0.45^b
10.64	4-Decanol	2.17 ± 0.22^b	3.38 ± 0.18^c	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
10.75	Stearic acid, 3-(octadexycloxy)propyl ester	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.80 ± .16^b
11.36	Dodecanoic acid	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	1.24 ± 0.08^c	1.28 ± 0.04^c	0.67 ± 0.08^b	nd^a	0.73 ± 0.05^b	nd^a	0.76 ± 0.05^b
11.49	Acetaldehyde	2.74 ± 0.31^c	0.66 ± 0.08^b	0.69 ± 0.02^a	1.59 ± 0.30^b	nd^a	0.88 ± 0.03^a	nd^a	4.04 ± 0.43^d	5.25 ± 1.11^d	nd^a
11.63	Butanoic acid, 2-oxo-	0.99 ± .19^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
11.83	15-Octadecenal	0.83 ± .15^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
11.91	n-Undecanal	0.73 ± .08^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
11.98	Propanoic acid	0.63 ± .12^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
12.13	Palmitic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester	0.82 ± .05^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
12.41	Decanoic acid, decyl ester	6.06 ± 0.69^d	0.55 ± 0.06^b	0.58 ± 0.09^a	nd^a	1.03 ± 0.28^b	1.46 ± 0.09^b	nd^a	1.16 ± 0.04^b	3.38 ± 0.17^c	0.73 ± 0.09^b
12.53	3-Methy-2-butanoic acid, heptadecyl ester	0.96 ± .08^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
12.67	Dimethylaminoethanol acetate	2.53 ± .44^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
12.87	Methyl-2-hydroxy-eicosanoate	2.20 ± .13^d	0.52 ± .08^a	0.88 ± .19^b	0.74 ± .15^b	1.03 ± .30^b	0.55 ± .07^a	0.75 ± .14^a	2.27 ± .13^d	1.46 ± .50^c	1.66 ± .43^b
13.18	Tetradecanoic acid	2.79 ± 0.17^d	0.62 ± 0.06^b	0.86 ± 0.08^c	0.59 ± 0.06^b	1.06 ± 0.08^c	nd^a	0.42 ± 0.04^b	nd^a	0.67 ± 0.03^b	nd^a
13.74	Tetradecanoic acid, trimethylsily ester	1.50 ± .08^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
13.90	2-Methyl docosane	0.86 ± 0.08^c	nd^a	nd^a	0.72 ± 0.07^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.74 ± 0.04^b	1.46 ± 0.50^d	0.54 ± 0.10^a
13.41	Octadecane	1.65 ± 0.09^c	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.56 ± 0.05^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.73 ± 0.05^b	0.68 ± 0.03^b
13.74	Tetradecanoic acid, trimethylsily ester	1.50 ± .08^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
14.20	Phthalic acid, butyl undecyl ester	1.03 ± .06^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
14.13	6-Undecylamine	18.15 ± 1.09^c	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	1.13 ± 0.06^b	nd^a	4.46 ± 0.11^b	nd^a
14.49	n-Hexacosanol	1.26 ± .05^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
14.57	n-Hexadecanoic acid	2.28 ± 0.10^d	0.91 ± 0.04^b	nd^a	0.59 ± 0.06^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	1.16 ± 0.04^c	1.37 ± 0.09^b	nd^a
14.34	Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester	2.78 ± 0.83^c	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.92 ± 0.04^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
14.73	Eicosanoic acid	1.89 ± 0.44^c	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.71 ± 0.09^b	nd^a
14.97	tert-Butyl palmitate	0.68 ± .07^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
15.36	(Z)-7-Hexadecenal	1.15 ± 0.40^c	nd^a	0.58 ± 0.10^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
15.43	cis-11-Eicosenoic acid	2.44 ± 0.31^c	nd^a	nd^a	1.04 ± 0.13^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.83 ± 0.05^b	nd^a
15.81	Nonahexacontanoic acid	1.28 ± .09^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
16.06	Pentadecanoic acid	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	1.10 ± 0.12^b	0.56 ± 0.12^b
Total		99.16	98.38	98.82	98.11	95.38	96.81	96.33	97.33	96.88	91.10

Note: The same letter on the control and the same hydrolysis period in a same row is not significant (P < 0.05, Duncan)

nd means not detected

Standard deviation (±) represents repeated measurements from the samples

ABF means Anhydrous Buffalo Fat

Rt means Retention time