Table 4.
Characteristics associated with self-reported HIV infection (n=100)a
| Characteristic | Total Pop N = 100 |
HIV-infected (n=20; 20%) |
HIV-uninfected (n=80; 80%) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Malay | 60.0 (60) | 65.0 (13) | 58.8 (47) | 0.611 |
| Not Malay | 40.0 (40) | 35.0(7) | 41.3 (33) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Muslim | 65.0 (65) | 70.0 (14) | 63.7 (51) | 0.600 |
| Not Muslim | 35.0 (35) | 30.0 (6) | 36.3 (29) | |
| Highest level of education completed | ||||
| None – Primary | 40.0 (40) | 60.0 (12) | 35.0 (28) | 0.103 |
| Form 3 – Form 4 | 29.0 (29) | 25.0 (5) | 30.0 (24) | |
| Form 5 – University | 31.0 (31) | 15.0 (3) | 35.0 (28) | |
| Relationship Status | ||||
| Single | 71.0 (71) | 90.0 (18) | 66.3 (53) | 0.029 |
| Partnered / married | 29.0 (29) | 10.0 (2) | 33.8 (27) | |
| Homeless in last 30 days | ||||
| Yes | 32.0 (32) | 40.0 (8) | 30.0 (24) | 0.394 |
| No | 68.0 (68) | 60.0 (12) | 70.0 (56) | |
| Criminal Justice Involvement (ever) | ||||
| Lock-up or Jail | 93.0 (93) | 95.0 (19) | 92.5 (74) | 0.572 |
| Prison | 73.0 (73) | 90.0 (18) | 68.8 (55) | 0.045 |
| CDDC | 49.0 (49) | 75.0 (15) | 42.5 (34) | 0.009 |
| Preferred drugb | ||||
| ATS | 46.0 (46) | 45.0 (9) | 46.3 (37) | 0.921 |
| Any opioid | 42.7 (44) | 55.0 (11) | 41.3 (33) | 0.268 |
| Club drug | 8.0 (8) | 0.0 (0) | 10.0 (8) | 0.352 |
| Polysubstance use | ||||
| Lifetime drug injection (ever) | 33.0 (33) | 65.0 (13) | 25.0 (20) | <0.001 |
| Active drug injection (last 30 days) | 22.0 (22) | 40.0 (8) | 17.5 (14) | 0.043 |
| NSEP Utilization (ever)c | 12.6 (13) | 25.0 (5) | 10.0 (8) | 0.074 |
| Any sharing of injection equipment (ever) |
15.0 (16) | 35.0 (7) | 11.3 (9) | 0.010 |
| Sexual Risk Behaviors | ||||
| Any transactional sex in last 6 months |
44.0 (44) | 35.0 (7) | 46.3 (37) | 0.363 |
| Sex work as primary incomea | 19.0 (19) | 21.1 (4) | 18.8 (15) | 0.821 |
| Any unprotected sex in last 30 daysd |
48.6 (35/72) | 26.7 (4/15) | 54.4 (31/57) | 0.102 |
| Major Depression | 60.0 (60) | 50.0 (10) | 62.5 (50) | 0.307 |
| Violence and Victimization | ||||
| Childhood sexual abuse | 30.0 (30) | 45.0 (9) | 26.9 (21) | 0.118 |
| Childhood physical abuse | 49.0 (49) | 55.0 (11) | 47.5 (38) | 0.548 |
| Adulthood sexual abuse | 23.0 (23) | 24.4 (19) | 20.0 (4) | 0.682 |
| Adulthood physical abuse | 60.0 (60) | 68.4 (13) | 60.3 (47) | 0.511 |
| Adulthood physical abuse by an intimate partner |
63.0 (63) | 70.0 (14) | 61.3 (49) | 0.468 |
a
HIV status self-report available for n=100
b
Drug use based on principle components analysis
c
N = 99
d
N =72
Legend: ATS: amphetamine-type substance; CDDC: compulsory drug detention center; NSEP: needle/syringe exchange program