Table 3.
Factors Associated With Electronic Cigarette Use in the 30 Days Before Hospital Admission, Univariate Analysis
| Characteristic | N = 4,660 | Used e-cigarette (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year of enrollment | |||
| 2010 | 88 | 1.1 | <.0001 |
| 2011 | 580 | 10.3 | |
| 2012 | 1,900 | 10.2 | |
| 2013 | 2,092 | 18.4 | |
| Age (years), % | |||
| <25 | 3 | 22.2 | <.0001 |
| 25–44 | 216 | 16.9 | |
| 45–64 | 1,323 | 12.1 | |
| 65 or more | 2,598 | 10.0 | |
| Sex, % | |||
| Male | 2,658 | 14.3 | .14 |
| Female | 1,989 | 12.8 | |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 2,482 | 15.6 | <.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1,180 | 9.7 | |
| Hispanic | 600 | 14.0 | |
| Other | 398 | 13.3 | |
| Education, % | |||
| Less than high school | 935 | 10.2 | .0002 |
| High school diploma/GED | 1,565 | 13.2 | |
| Some college or more | 2,148 | 15.6 | |
| Marital status, % | |||
| Married/partner | 1,598 | 13.5 | .45 |
| Other | 2,845 | 14.3 | |
| Health insurance, % | |||
| Commercial | 1,247 | 14.0 | .073 |
| Medicare | 1,005 | 12.6 | |
| Medicaid | 977 | 11.9 | |
| Self-pay/none | 627 | 13.1 | |
| VA/ other public | 492 | 17.1 | |
| Missing | 312 | 17.6 | |
| Cigarettes/day, % | |||
| Less than 10 | 1,635 | 11.8 | .006 |
| 10 or more | 3,020 | 14.7 | |
| Plan about smoking after discharge, % | |||
| Plan to stay quit | 1,589 | 10.6 | .014 |
| Plan to try to quit | 1,953 | 14.2 | |
| Do not know | 260 | 13.5 | |
| Do not plan to quit | 68 | 11.8 | |
| Missing | 790 | ||
| Admitted from emergency room, % | |||
| Yes | 2,846 | 14.1 | .24 |
| No | 1,632 | 12.9 | |
| Geographic region | |||
| South | 979 | 20.9 | <.0001 |
| Northeast | 1,727 | 14.3 | |
| Midwest | 1,054 | 12.3 | |
| West | 900 | 6.2 | |
| CHART project | |||
| Alabama | 979 | 20.9 | <.0001 |
| New York | 1,330 | 16.8 | |
| Kansas | 1,054 | 12.3 | |
| Massachusetts | 397 | 5.8 | |
| Oregon | 900 | 6.2 | |
| Hospital site | |||
| UAB Hospital (AL) | 979 | 20.9 | <.0001 |
| Bellvue Hospital Center (NY) | 903 | 18.1 | |
| VA New York Harbor (NY) | 427 | 14.3 | |
| University of Kansas Med Center (KS) | 873 | 12.7 | |
| Stormont Vail Health Care (KS) | 181 | 10.5 | |
| Kaiser Permanente SMC (OR) | 624 | 7.1 | |
| Massachusetts General Hospital (MA) | 397 | 5.8 | |
| Legacy Emmanuel Hospital (OR) | 81 | 5.1 | |
| Oregon Health Sciences University Hospital (OR) | 195 | 2.5 |
GED = General Educational Development certificate; VA = Veterans’ Administration; CHART = Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco.