Table 3.

Effects of diverse stressors on different locomotor parameters in immature and mature male and female Drosophila.

Movement Pattern	1d female	1d male	5d female	5d male
turn, angle, degree
starved	⇩***	⇩***		⇩***
paraquat			⇧**	⇩**
sleep deprivation
social isolation			⇧***	⇧***
mean distance moved, mm
starved	⇧**	⇧**		⇧***
paraquat			⇩**	⇧***
sleep deprivation
social isolation			⇩***	⇩**
mean velocity
starved	⇧**	⇧**		⇧***
paraquat			⇧**	⇧***
sleep deprivation
social isolation			⇧***	⇩**
Freezing Behavior	1d female	1d male	5d female	5d male
duration not moving, sec
starved				⇩***
paraquat			⇧*	⇩***
sleep deprivation
social isolation			⇧***
frequency not moving
starved	⇩***	⇩**		⇩***
paraquat			⇧*	⇩***
sleep deprivation
social isolation			⇧***	⇧***
Escape Behavior	1d female	1d male	5d female	5d male
highly mobile duration, sec
starved				⇧***
paraquat				⇧**
sleep deprivation				⇧*
social isolation			⇩**
frequency highly mobile
starved				⇧***
paraquat				⇧***
sleep deprivation				⇧**
social isolation			⇩**

Data were collected from min 15 – 20 in an open field arena, during which time the animals had habituated to the novel environment.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post test. Direction of arrow indicates whether the assayed behavior increased (up arrow) or decreased (down arrow) after exposure to a given stress relative to control conditions. n = 40 for each population and control or stress condition.