Table 2.
Clinical Features and Tumor Associations in Patients With PNS With GAD-abs From the Present Study and Previously Reported Cases16–34
| Feature | No. (%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Series (n = 15) |
Literature Review (n = 19) |
||
| Definite PNS | 8 | 4 | .05 |
| Age, mean (range), y | 60 (29–80) | 56 (31–85) | .43 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 9 | 9 | .46 |
| Female | 6 | 10 | |
| Autoimmune diseasesa | 6 | 5 | .39 |
| PNS first, mo | 11 | 17 | .18 |
| Median delay to tumor diagnosis (IQR), mo | 2.7 (1.2–4.5) | 1 (1–3.9) | |
| Clinical syndrome | |||
| SPS (SLS) | 2 (0) | 14 (5) | .001 |
| Encephalitis (LE) | 6 (5) | 0 | |
| OMS | 1 | 2 | |
| CA (PCD) | 4 (1) | 1 | |
| Other | 2 (PEM and brainstem) | 2 (PEM and PERM) | |
| Tumors | |||
| Lung (SCLC) | 6 (4) | 4 (3) (Mesothelioma, n = 1) | .73 |
| Thymoma (malignant) | 4 (2) | 6 (1) | |
| Breast | 2 | 4 | |
| Hematological | 1 (NHL) | 3 (MM, NHL, and HD) | |
| Other | 2 (Pancreas) | 2 (Kidney and cavum) | |
| Clinical outcome | |||
| Improved | 4 | 15 | .005 |
| Stable | 3 | 0 | |
| Worse (death) | 8 (5) | 4 (4) | |
Abbreviations: CA, cerebellar ataxia; GAD-abs, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies; HD, Hodgkin disease; IQR, interquartile range; LE, limbic encephalitis; MM, multiple myeloma; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; OMS, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome; PCD, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration; PEM, paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis; PERM, progressive encephalomyelitis, rigidity, and myoclonus; PNS, paraneoplastic neurological syndrome; SCLC, small-cell lung cancer; SLS, stiff-limb syndrome; SPS, stiff-person syndrome.
a
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis, or myasthenia.