Table 2.
Main target of outreach campaign
| Study ID | Description of Outreach Campaign (and Corresponding LYRIKS Domains) | Description of Source of Referrals | Main Target of Outreach Campaign |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.Klosterkötter 200132 | No outreach campaign for the general public. Referrals invited “for diagnostic clarification of a possibly incipient schizophrenic disorder”.32 (LYRIKS none). | “Patients referred to outpatient departments of psychiatric university departments”32 because of “difficulties that had arisen in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure”.32 | Mainly targeting mental health professionals and services |
| 2.Yung 20081 | Intensive outreach campaign to increase awareness of youth mental health and psychotic or prodromal symptoms in the general public. (LYRISK i–vi). | Referrals from a “range of sources including GPs and other primary care services, drug and alcohol services, school and university counselling services, and families/carers or young people themselves”.1 Some referrals (eg, to Youthscope (YS) were made “for help-seeking young people with nonpsychotic disorders”.1 “Most referrals were made by the participants themselves or their family members”.11 | Mainly targeting the general public |
| 3.Riecher-Rössler 200824 | “Regular information campaigns with scientific symposia and teaching courses for general practitioners, psychiatrists, social service staff”.24 Public alerted by “articles published in local newspapers and a special website”24 and by “a onepage checklist, to be used by potential referrers or lay people”.24 (LYRIKS i, ii, iv, v, vi, vii). | The main source of referrals was the local “Psychiatric Outpatient Department”24 and the Crisis Intervention Unit. However “other referrals come from relatives, or are self-referrals”.24 | Mixed |
| 4.Woods 200936 | Major involvement with mental heath services and professionals. Involvement of the general public with “distribution of educational brochures to gatekeepers, potential participants and their families and use of web resources”.14 Other general public initiatives included “academic detailing, grand rounds, educational talks, mailings, postings, websites and internet hits, and public service announcements”19 (from NAPLS-2, that explicitly attempted to replicate NAPLS-1). (LYRIKS i, ii, iv, v, vi, vii). | Multisite. In some sites the majority of subjects are usually referred by affiliated outpatient and inpatient psychiatry departments.46 In other sites “outpatient clinicians, a group consisting of outpatient psychiatrists, psychologists and mental healthcare practitioners, accounted for the majority of referrals”.14 In other sites the majority of the referrals were “self-referrals followed by family and friends”.19 | Mixed |
| 5.Addington 201247 | Service promotion included involvement of mental health agencies, private hospitals and government organizations as well as youth hubs, various general public partners such as counsellors and the use of brochures and posters, articles and advertorials, newsletter, website. (LYRIKS i, ii, iv, v, vi, vii). | Multisite. Most relevant source of referral were psychiatrists and psychologists working in private practice or public mental health hospitals, psychosocial counselling services including school and university counsellors. Self-referrals were also possible. | Mixed |
| 6.Liu 201135 | Multifaceted information campaign targeting both general public-based populations, “which involved high school teachers, college and public counselling services, the high risk family”,48 and “mental health professionals, psychiatric clinics affiliated to the university hospital, general hospitals in metropolitan”.48 (LYRIKS i, ii, v, vii). | Referrals presenting with “CASIS”48 cognitive deficits, affective symptoms, social isolation, and school failure symptoms subsequently assessed in a special clinic focusing on “thought and perception disturbance”.48 Most referrals were coming from welfare services. To invite more subjects for assessment a low-threshold (worrying if at risk of psychosis)48 was applied. | Mixed |
| 7.Simon 201249 | Service promotion included use of brochures and posters, articles and advertorials, newsletter, various general public partners such as counsellors and mental healthcare professionals. (LYRIKS i, ii, iv, v). | Patients mostly recruited from a clinical research facility which functions as an outpatient clinic. Self referrals also allowed. | Mixed |
| 8.Lee 201329 | Extensive outreach general public campaign targeting “youth with a first-degree relative with psychosis; with deterioration in functioning; and/or those receiving help for nonspecific behavioural problems were targeted”.15 These included the involvement of armed forces, government organizations, internet gaming shops, youth hubs, various general public partners such as counsellors, roadshows, brochures and posters, articles and advertorials, newsletter, Facebook, twitter, blogs, websites.15 (LYRIKS i–vii). | “A public health initiative had resulted in collective support from the community partners in terms of subject recruitment.”15 Most referrals came from the general public. | Mainly targeting the general public |
| 9.Schultze-Lutter 201450 | Information campaign “primarily aimed at mental health professionals as well as institutions and persons who might be contacted by help-seeking persons”18 and “on a smaller scale the general public was targeted”.18 (LYRIKS ii, iv, v, vi, vii). | “Mental health care professionals along with counselling services were the most valuable source of referrals”.18 | Mainly targeting mental health professionals and services |
| 10.Kotlicka-Antczak 201451 | Specific “training and workshops for psychiatrists and psychologists”49 along with “educational meetings and workshops for adolescents, teachers and parents in high schools”.49 Website. (LYRIKS i, ii, v, vi, vii). | “Referrals are accepted from outpatient and inpatient psychiatric centres”.51 Self-referrals from the general public by telephone or through the website. | Mixed |
| 11.Spada 201552 | “Meetings of service promotion”52 for “Child and Adolescent neuropsychiatrists of the NHS, private practitioners, GPs, psychologists and psychotherapists”.52 Patients potentially eligible were “informed by their GPs or NHS’s CAMHS”.52 (LYRIKS i, ii, iv). | “The majority of the patients were referred by the inpatient unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry”.52 | Mainly targeting mental health professionals and services |