Fig 1. Influence of bacterial superinfection, pneumococcal vaccine and the presence of viral co-infection on disease severity of children with ARI, according to oxygen and respiratory support requirement, clinical scales, hospital stay length and PICU admission.

Data are shown as OR (95% CI) for both main cohort and replication cohort. A binary logistic model was used for the binary variables (co-infection status, oxygen requirements, respiratory support needed and PICU admission), linear model for continuous variables (Wood-Downes Score and the GENVIP score) and negative binomial regression model for counted data (number of days since admission).