Table 5.
Psychological therapies for parents of children and adolescents with a chronic pain condition
| Psychological therapies for parents of children and adolescents with a chronic pain condition | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient or population: Parents of children with a chronic illness Settings: Community Intervention: Psychological therapies | ||||||
| Outcomes | Probable outcome with control | Probable outcome with intervention | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments |
| Parenting behaviour post-treatment (low scores indicate less adverse behaviour ratings) | The mean parent behaviour post-treatment in the intervention groups was 0.34 standard deviations lower (1.18 lower to 0. 5 higher) | SMD −0.34 (−1. 18 to 0.5) | 92 (2 studies) |
⊕○○○ very low1,2,3,4,5,6 |
||
| Child behaviour/disability post-treatment (low scores indicate indicate less adverse behaviour/disability ratings) | The mean child behaviour/disability post-treatment in the intervention groups was 0.29 standard deviations lower (0.59 lower to 0. 02 higher) | SMD −0.29 (−0. 59 to 0.02) | 457 (7 studies) |
⊕○○○ very low2,4,5 |
||
| Child behaviour/disability at follow-up (low scores indicate less adverse behaviour/disability ratings) | The mean child behaviour/disability at follow-up in the intervention groups was 0.17 standard deviations lower (0.52 lower to 0. 18 higher) | SMD −0.17 (−0. 52 to 0.18) | 289 (3 studies) |
⊕○○○ very low2,3,5,6 |
||
| Child mental health post-treatment (high scores indicate poor mental health) | The mean child mental health post-treatment in the intervention groups was 0.02 standard deviations lower (0.35 lower to 0.3 higher) | SMD −0.02 (−0.35 to 0.3) | 356 (4 studies) |
⊕⊕○○ low2,5 |
||
| Child mental health at follow-up (high scores indicate poor mental health) | The mean child mental health at follow-up in the intervention groups was 0.02 standard deviations higher (0.23 lower to 0.26 higher) | SMD 0.02 (−0.23 to 0.26) | 255 (2 studies) |
⊕○○○ very low5,6 |
||
| Child symptoms at post-treatment (low scores indicate lower pain ratings) | The mean child symptoms at post-treatment in the intervention groups was 0.39 standard deviations lower (0.67 to 0.11 lower) | SMD −0.39 (−0.67 to −0.11) | 540 (9 studies) |
⊕⊕○○ low1,2 |
||
| Child symptoms at follow-up (low scores indicate lower pain ratings) | The mean child symptoms at follow-up in the intervention groups was 0.38 standard deviations lower (0.86 lower to 0. 1 higher) | SMD −0.38 (−0.86 to 0.1) | 391 (6 studies) |
⊕○○○ very low1,2,3,5,6 |
||
| SMD: Standardised mean difference | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1
Majority of studies included in outcome have unclear or high risk of bias
2
Heterogeneity I2 > 45%
3
Wide confidence intervals
4
Significant proportion of studies use a wait-list control
5
Low number of participants included in the outcome
6
A significant proportion of studies did not report outcomes in published paper