Table 3. Classification of acute scaphoid fractures based on displacement/instability.
| Author | Year | No. of citation (World of Science; Google Scholar) | Total cases | Type | Rate (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McLaughlin and Parkes | 1969 | 37; 70 | – | A | Incomplete | – |
| B | Undisplaced and stable | – | ||||
| C | Displaced and unstable | – | ||||
| Cooney et al (Mayo) |
1980 | 110; 330 | 45 | 1 | Nondisplaced/stable | 71 |
| 2 | Displaced/unstable | 29 | ||||
| Weber | 1980 | 35; 127 | 36 | 1 | Nondisplaced | 53 |
| 2 | Angulated | 17 | ||||
| 3 | Displaced | 30 | ||||
| Herbert/Modified Herbert | 1984/1996 | 331; 739 139; 268 |
200/431 | A1 | Stable, tubercle | – |
| A2 | Stable, incomplete waist | – | ||||
| B1 | Unstable, distal oblique | 19a | ||||
| B2 | Unstable, complete waist | 60a | ||||
| B3 | Unstable, proximal pole | 21a | ||||
| B4 | Unstable fracture dislocation | – | ||||
| B5 | Unstable, comminutedb | – | ||||
| Garcia-Elias and Lluch | 2001 | 27; 53 | – | 1 | Stable, proximal to SL-ligament | – |
| 2 | Unstable, distal to SL-ligament | – | ||||
a
Based on 82 B1, B2, and B3 fractures reported in the article of 1996.
b
Omitted in the modified Herbert classification.