Deletion of VHL is sufficient to induce HIF-1α target gene expression in the epidermis of TFAM EpiKO mice. (A) Representative images of wild-type (KRT14-Cre−), TFAM EpiKO, VHL EpiKO, and TFAM+VHL EpiKO mice. (B–C) Real Time PCR analysis of (B) TFAM and VHL and (C) PGK1, CAIX, Pai1, VEGF, and BNIP3 mRNA expression in the epidermis of wild-type (KRT14-Cre−), TFAM EpiKO, VHL EpiKO, and TFAM+VHL EpiKO mice. (D) Real Time PCR analysis of Epo mRNA expression in the kidneys of wild-type (KRT14-Cre−), TFAM EpiKO, VHL EpiKO, and TFAM+VHL EpiKO mice. Charts represent means +/− SEM. mRNA expression was normalized to RPL19 levels. N=5 mice per genotype. Significance was determined by one way ANOVA using Dunnett’s post-test.