Table 1.

Number of Fos-positive neurons in each designated brainstem area.

Brainstem area	S-ND	C-ND	S-D	C-D	ND vs. D (P-value)
CPA	1.1±0.5	1.6±0.8	16.2±2.9	23.8±3.0	< 0.001
Ventral Trigeminal
Paratrigeminal	0.6±0.5	0.6±0.2	2.7±0.7	3.3±0.6	< 0.001
Superficial MDH	1.2±0.6	1.2±0.3	6.7±1.6	8.8±2.2	< 0.001
NTS
cNTS	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	5.5±1.3	6.7±0.9	< 0.001
dlNTS	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	3.9±1.1	5.0±0.6	< 0.001
medNTS	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	4.8±0.6	4.7±0.4	< 0.001
vlNTS	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.5±0.2	0.9±0.2	< 0.001
RVLM	0.4±0.2	0.3±0.1	3.1±0.3	4.9±1.2	< 0.001
Raphe	0.0±0.0	0.2±0.1	2.2±0.5	2.9±0.8	< 0.001
A5	0.7±0.4	0.6±0.3	10.0±0.9	11.4±2.2	< 0.001
LC	0.6±0.2	0.5±0.3	25.6±6.0	43.9±11.7	< 0.001
Parabrachial
MPB	0.2±0.2	0.1±0.0	0.6±0.1	1.3±0.4	0.001
LPBel	0.5±0.3	0.3±0.2	1.0±0.3	3.9±2.1	0.073
LPBsl	0.2±0.1	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.0	0.3±0.1	0.404
KF	0.3±0.1	0.7±0.4	23.3±4.3	28.7±4.8	< 0.001

Counts are expressed as number of neurons (± standard error) per hemisection. S-ND is Sham, No Dive (N = 6); C-ND is AEN cut, No Dive (N = 6); S-D is Sham, Dive (N = 6); C-D is AEN Cut, Dive (N = 6). Two way ANOVAs indicated that the main effect of underwater submergence (no-dive; dive) produced a significant increase in the diving rats compared with the non-diving rats in all brain regions except LPBe and LPBs. There was no main effect of AEN status (sham; cut), nor was there any interaction effect (underwater submergence X AEN status), for any brainstem area.