Table 3.
Health outcome stratified by diabetes treatment beliefs
| Mean (CI) | HbA1c, % and mmol/mol | p Value | N | Systolic BP, mm Hg | p Value | N | s-Cholesterol, mmol/L | p Value | N | LDL, mmol/L | p Value | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finding the treatment cumbersome | ||||||||||||
| No | 7.4 (6.4 to 8.6); 57 (46 to 70) | <0.001 | 573 | 132.5 (119.5 to 145.7) | 0.417 | 423 | 4.0 (3.2 to 5.0) | 0.364 | 586 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) | 0.346 | 569 |
| Neutral | 7.8 (6.7 to 9.2); 62 (50 to 77) | 161 | 131.7 (105.6 to 159.0) | 103 | 4.1 (3.2 to 5.1) | 159 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) | 155 | ||||
| Yes | 7.8 (6.5 to 9.3); 62 (48 to 78) | 124 | 130.3 (98.2 to 161.9) | 86 | 4.1 (3.2 to 5.3) | 130 | 2.0 (1.4 to 3.0) | 127 | ||||
| Perceived low treatment efficacy | ||||||||||||
| No | 7.4 (6.4 to 8.6); 57 (46 to 70) | <0.001 | 661 | 132.3 (119.9 to 144.9) | 0.217 | 474 | 4.0 (3.2 to 5.0) | 0.063 | 678 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) | 0.573 | 658 |
| Neutral | 7.9 (6.7 to 9.5); 63 (50 to 80) | 88 | 133.7 (105.4 to 161.1) | 61 | 4.2 (3.2 to 5.5) | 86 | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.9) | 82 | ||||
| Yes | 7.8 (6.5 to 9.3); 62 (48 to 78) | 98 | 129.5 (92.6 to 166.9) | 71 | 4.1 (3.3 to 5.0) | 100 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.9) | 100 | ||||
| Technical HbA1c understanding | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 7.5 (6.5 to 8.7); 58 (48 to 72) | 0.483 | 325 | 132.6 (113.7 to 151.3) | 0.925 | 244 | 4.1 (3.3 to 5.0) | 0.242 | 319 | 2.0 (1.3 to 2.8) | 0.344 | 318 |
| No | 7.5 (6.4 to 8.8); 58 (46 to 73) | 432 | 132.7 (117.8 to 148.1) | 299 | 4.0 (3.2 to 5.1) | 422 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) | 419 | ||||
| Satisfactory HbA1c level | ||||||||||||
| 7.5% or below | 7.4 (6.4 to 8.6); 57 (46 to 70) | <0.001 | 676 | 132.0 (119.6 to 144.9) | 0.927 | 480 | 4.0 (3.2 to 5.1) | 0.840 | 665 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) | 0.690 | 661 |
| Above 7.5% | 8.0 (6.8 to 9.4); 64 (51 to 79) | 140 | 132.2 (104.2 to 160.8) | 98 | 4.0 (3.3 to 5.0) | 134 | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) | 134 | ||||
| Do not know | 7.7 (6.4 to 9.3); 61 (46 to 78) | 81 | 133.2 (92.8 to 175.3) | 61 | 4.0 (3.2 to 5.1) | 88 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.7) | 87 | ||||
Estimates from analysis of covariance adjusted for (1) insulin regimen, smoking, age, duration of diabetes, (2) age and self-reported NYHA class, (3) age and gender, and (4) insulin regimen and gender. Geometric means are shown for log-transformed data (HbA1c, s-cholesterol and LDL).
BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NYHA, New York Heart Association.