. 2016 Apr 20;6(4):e008986. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008986

Table 4.

Outcomes of diabetes intervention studies*

Study	HbA1c mmol/mol (%)	BG (mmol/L)	SBP (mmHg)	DBP (mmHg)	Lipids (mmol/L)	Anthropometrics
Mixed trials in Europe
O'Hare et al¹⁰	−23 (−0.0) (p=0.87)		−4.6 (p=0.035)	−3.4 (p=0.003)	TC: −0.38 (p=0.005)
Bellary et al¹¹	−22 (−0.2) (p=0.11)		−0.33 (p=0.76)	−1.91 (p<0.001)	TC: +0.03 (p=0.37)	BMI: +0.40 (p<0.001) WC: −0.2 (p=0.67)
Mixed trials in India
Balagopal et al¹⁸		FBG: −3.34 (p=0.03)	−3.2 (p=0.48)	−5.5 (p=0.134)		BMI: +0.2 (p=0.63) WC: −4.8 cm (p=0.04)
Balagopal et al¹⁹		FBG: I −1.06 (p<0.001)	I −6.2 (p<0.001)	I −0.17 (p<0.001)		BMI: I −1.02 (p<0.001) WC: I −3.94 cm (p=0.001)
Exercise-based trials in India
Hameed et al²⁴	−17 (−0.6) (p<0.001)		−4.79 (p=0.07)	−1.91 (p=0.28)	TC: −0.07 (p=0.53) TG: −0.06 (p=0.56) HDL-C:+0.15 (p=0.004) LDL-C: −0.19 (p=0.10)	Weight −0.31 (p=0.36) WC (cm): −2.04 (p=0.008)
Misra et al²⁵	I −18 (−0.5) (p<0.001)	FBG: I −2.7 (p<0.001)			I: TC: −0.39 (p=0.003) TG: −0.39 (p<0.001) HDL:+0.02 (p=0.33) LDL: −0.09 (p=0.21)	I: BMI: +0.1 (p=0.614) WC: −1.6 (p<0.001)
Shenoy et al³⁰	PRT: −3 (−1.8) (p=0.002) AE: −9 (−1.3) (p=0.002) C: −21 (−0.21) (p=NS)	PRT: −3.83 (p=0.021) AE: −1.44 (p=0.021) C: −1.66 (p=NS)	PRT: −9 (p=0.001) AE: −3 (p=NS) C: +2 (p=NS)	PRT: −8 (p=0.001) AE: −1 (p=NS) C: +1 (p=NS)
Shenoy et al³²	I: −15 (−0.8) (p=0.0001) C: −23 (−0.1) (p=0.242) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.0023	FBG I: −4.24 (p=0.0001) C: −0.12 (p=0.0007) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.0001	I: +1.5 (p=0.868) C: −3.3 (p=0.133) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.019	I: −10.8 (p=0.010) C: −3.7 (p=0.0058) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.0001		BMI: I: −1.1 (p=0.0001) C: +0.6 (p=0.0001) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.56
Yoga-based interventions in India
Vaishali et al²¹	−15 (−0.8) (p<0.001)	FBG: −1.58 (p<0.001)			TC: −0.48 (p<0.001) TG: −0.25 (p<0.001) HDL:+0.13 (p<0.001) LDL: −0.18 (p<0.05)
Singh et al³⁴	−10 (−1.2) p=0.035	FBG: −2.7 p<0.001	−16 p=0.001	−8.8 p=0.001
Madanmohan et al³⁵		FBG: −1.1 p=0.004			TC: −0.13 p=0.01 LDL −0.28 p=0.001 HDL −0.45 p=0.02
Shantakumari et al²⁰					TC: I −0.65 (p<0.01) C+0.25 (p=NS) TG: I −0.25 (p<0.05); C +0.28 (p=NS) LDL-C: I −0.63 (p<0.01); C +0.01 (p=NS) HDL-C: I+0.07 (p=NS); C −0.03 (p=NS)	Weight: I −2.6 (p<0.05) C+0.86 (p<0.05) BMI: I −1.53 (p=NS) C+0.3 (p=NS)
Education-based interventions in Europe
Hawthorne and Tomlimson¹²	I −20 (−0.3) (p=NS)				I: TC 0.04
Hawthorne¹³	−20 (−0.4) (p=NS)
Middelkoop et al¹⁷	−19 (−0.4) (p=0.02)
Education-based interventions in India
Shetty et al³³	NS difference in mean HbA1c <64 (8%) I:+16.7% C:+24.3%	FBG: I −1.1			TC: I: −0.4 p<0.03 C: −0.3 p<0.03
Adepu et al²²		Capillary BG: I: −3.12, (p<0.001) C: −0.14 (p=NS)
Gosh et al²³		FBG: −0.83 (p<0.05) Postprandial G −1.94 (p<0.01)
Malathy et al²⁹		Postprandial glucose: I −1.81 C −0.99 (p<0.001)			TC: I −0.53 (p<0.001) C −0.29 (p<0.05) LDL: I −0.52 (p<0.001) C −0.29 (p<0.01) HDL: I+0.04 (p<0.05) C+0.02 (p=NS) TG I −0.12 (p<0.001) C −0.08 (p=NS)
Diet-based interventions India
Pande, 2012	I −14 (−0.9) (p<0.001)	FBG: I −1.99 (p<0.001)			I TG −0.90 (p<0.001) TC −1.01 (p<0.001) HDL+0.18 (p=0.003) LDL −0.67 (p=0.009)

*Note that 4 of the studies (Baradaran, Choudhury, Vyas and DeSouza) only included knowledge outcomes and thus were not included in this table (see (table 5)).

The numbers represent the difference in change in parameters between the intervention and control groups if not otherwise stated.

AE, aerobic exercise; BG, blood glucose; BMI, body mass index; C, control group; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; I, intervention group; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NS, not significant; PRT, progressive resistance training group; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference.