Table 4.

Perceived stress assessment

Measurement	Intervention (mean±SD)	Control (mean±SD)	p Value*	p Value within the FCEM group†	p Value within the control group†	p Value between groups†
Baseline	34.57±3.83	33.49±2.71	0.483	<0.0001	0.143	<0.0001
Measurement 2	67.69±0.91	32.69±3.11	<0.0001
Measurement 3	70.26±0.54	31.61±3.10	<0.0001
Follow-up 1	68.17±1.51	34.51±3.25	<0.0001
Follow-up 2	68.46±0.95	33.60±2.06	<0.0001
Follow-up 3	68.34±1.14	34.00±2.24	<0.0001
Follow-up 4	68.54±1.07	33.77±2.36	<0.0001
Follow-up 5	68.34±1.06	34.37±2.21	<0.0001
Follow-up 6	68.40±1.19	33.63±2.30	<0.0001
Follow-up 7	68.60±1.38	34.35±1.97	<0.0001
Follow-up 8	64.71±1.98	33.66±2.11	<0.0001

*p Value based on independent samples Student's t test.

^†p Value based on repeated measures ANOVA. Dependent on the results of Mauchly's test, p values presented are based on the Greenhouse-Geisser test.

ANOVA, analysis of variance; FCEM, Family-Centered Empowerment Model.