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. 2016 Apr 21;6:24701. doi: 10.1038/srep24701

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Intracellular whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed while blocking sodium-currents by TTX, suppressing initiation and propagation of action potentials (APs). The time course of intrinsic and synaptic currents, elicited by brief light pulses (blue arrow and dotted line), reveal fast on-kinetics and slow off-kinetics of ChR2 LC-TC (A), which strongly prevails on synaptic currents in mCherry-positive neurons. Recording from mCherry-negative neurons, only synaptic currents are observed (B). The light pulses induced a transient increase in the rate of spontaneous synaptic release events significantly correlated with the duration of the pulse (0.7, p < 0.0001) (C). The time course of the release events, quantified in 100 ms bins (D), decayed exponentially with a time constant of ~200 ms, roughly independent on the pulse duration.