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. 2016 Apr 21;6:24785. doi: 10.1038/srep24785

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(a) Schematic of simulation. (b) Damage on graphene after the knock-on event. The damage on graphene reduces as the distance to PKA increases because large portion of the energy is released by the vacancy-interstitial formation as well as local heating in lattice. (c) The collision cascade after the knock-on event for d = 15 . The amount of cascade is significantly reduced by the graphene layer. Significantly more defects remain in the pure V. Atoms with high potential energy (above −4.4 eV) are visualized selectively. (d) The formation energies of vacancies are significantly lower at the graphene interface than in the bulk lattice of V. The migrated vacancies can then be annihilated with the crowdions to result in self-healing of radiation induced defects.

Inline graphic — (a) Schematic of simulation. (b) Damage on graphene after the knock-on event. The damage on graphene reduces as the distance to PKA increases because large portion of the energy is released by the vacancy-interstitial formation as well as local heating in lattice. (c) The collision cascade after the knock-on event for d = 15 . The amount of cascade is significantly reduced by the graphene layer. Significantly more defects remain in the pure V. Atoms with high potential energy (above −4.4 eV) are visualized selectively. (d) The formation energies of vacancies are significantly lower at the graphene interface than in the bulk lattice of V. The migrated vacancies can then be annihilated with the crowdions to result in self-healing of radiation induced defects.