Table 1.
Characteristics at the time of enrollment into the Look AHEAD trial of participants who had successful MRI scans in the Look AHEAD Brain study, by intervention assignment
| DSE (n = 155) | ILI (n = 164) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0.50 | ||
| 45–54 | 44 (28.4) | 40 (24.4) | |
| 55–64 | 91 (58.7) | 96 (58.5) | |
| 65–76 | 20 (12.9) | 28 (17.1) | |
| Female sex | 114 (73.5) | 110 (67.1) | 0.21 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.70 | ||
| African American | 37 (23.9) | 33 (20.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 110 (71.0) | 123 (75.0) | |
| Other/multiple | 8 (5.2) | 8 (4.9) | |
| Education, years | 0.61 | ||
| <13 | 24 (16.1) | 30 (18.8) | |
| 13–16 | 58 (38.9) | 54 (33.8) | |
| >16 | 67 (45.0) | 76 (47.5) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.046 | ||
| 25–29 | 18 (11.6) | 32 (19.5) | |
| 30–39 | 99 (63.9) | 106 (64.6) | |
| ≥40 | 38 (24.5) | 26 (15.9) | |
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 0.58 | ||
| <7.0 (53) | 65 (42.5) | 73 (44.8) | |
| 7.0–8.9 (53–74) | 75 (49.0) | 81 (49.7) | |
| ≥9.0 (75) | 13 (8.5) | 9 (5.5) | |
| Diabetes duration, years | 0.97 | ||
| <5 | 73 (47.7) | 76 (47.5) | |
| ≥5 | 80 (52.3) | 84 (52.5) | |
| Insulin use | 20 (13.6) | 18 (11.5) | 0.57 |
| Hypertension | 129 (83.2) | 135 (82.3) | 0.83 |
| Prior cardiovascular disease | 13 (8.4) | 13 (7.9) | 0.88 |
| Depressive symptoms | 0.77 | ||
| BDI score <11 | 135 (87.7) | 142 (86.6) | |
| BDI score ≥11 | 19 (12.3) | 22 (13.4) | |
| Antidepressant use | 28 (19.0) | 32 (20.4) | 0.77 |
| Alcohol intake, drinks/day | 0.56 | ||
| <1 | 143 (92.3) | 154 (93.9) | |
| ≥1 | 12 (7.7) | 10 (6.1) | |
| Baseline smoking status | 0.97 | ||
| Never | 77 (49.7) | 83 (50.9) | |
| Past | 72 (46.5) | 74 (45.4) | |
| Current | 6 (3.9) | 6 (3.7) | |
| Fitness, METs | 0.07 | ||
| <7.1 | 84 (54.2) | 72 (43.9) | |
| ≥7.1 | 71 (45.8) | 92 (56.1) | |
| Paffenbarger activity questionnaire score | 0.72 | ||
| <1,060 | 73 (47.1) | 70 (42.7) | |
| ≥1,060 | 35 (22.6) | 41 (25.0) | |
| Not collected | 47 (30.3) | 53 (32.3) | |
| ApoE4 alleles, n | 0.008 | ||
| 0 | 110 (71.0) | 100 (61.0) | |
| 1 | 22 (14.2) | 47 (28.7) | |
| 2 | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Not collected | 21 (13.6) | 17 (10.4) |
Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. No participants had a history of stroke at enrollment in the Look AHEAD trial. BDI, Beck Depression Inventory.