Table 3.
Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for CVD and CHD events among subjects with DM by status of individual and composite risk factor targets
| Risk factor comparison | Incident CVD events |
Incident CHD events |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI), unadjusted | HR (95% CI), adjusted for covariates | HR (95% CI), adjusted for propensity score | HR (95% CI), unadjusted | HR (95% CI), adjusted for covariates | HR (95% CI), adjusted for propensity score | |
| Individual risk factor controlled | ||||||
| BP <130/80 mmHg vs. BP ≥130/80 mmHg | 0.81 (0.69–0.95)* | 0.83 (0.70–0.98)* | 0.81 (0.68–0.96)* | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.78 (0.63–0.97)* |
| LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) vs. LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) | 0.71 (0.58–0.86)‡ | 0.67 (0.54–0.82)§ | 0.71 (0.58–0.87)‡ | 0.64 (0.49–0.83)‡ | 0.59 (0.45–0.77)‡ | 0.62 (0.48–0.81)‡ |
| HbA1c <53.0 mmol/mol (7%) vs. HbA1c ≥53.0 mmol/mol (7%) | 0.64 (0.54–0.76)§ | 0.63 (0.53–0.76)§ | 0.70 (0.58–0.84)§ | 0.68 (0.54–0.84)‡ | 0.64 (0.51–0.81)‡ | 0.74 (0.59–0.93)* |
| Number of risk factors at target | ||||||
| Any one (BP, LDL-C, HbA1c) at target vs. none at target | 0.67 (0.56–0.80)§ | 0.64 (0.53–0.77)§ | 0.65 (0.54–0.78)§ | 0.65 (0.52–0.82)‡ | 0.59 (0.47–0.75)§ | 0.60 (0.47–0.76)§ |
| Any two (BP, LDL-C, HbA1c) at target vs. none at target | 0.52 (0.41–0.64)§ | 0.48 (0.38–0.61)§ | 0.47 (0.38–0.60)§ | 0.51 (0.38–0.68)§ | 0.44 (0.33–0.59)§ | 0.42 (0.32–0.57)§ |
| All three (BP, LDL-C, HbA1c) at target vs. none at target | 0.46 (0.30–0.69)‡ | 0.38 (0.25–0.58)§ | 0.41 (0.27–0.62)§ | 0.53 (0.32–0.88)* | 0.40 (0.24–0.67)‡ | 0.41 (0.25–0.70)‡ |
Covariates include age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, HDL-C, BMI, family history of premature CVD, hypertension medication, antidiabetes and lipid-lowering medication (also include LDL-C and HbA1c for BP analysis; systolic/diastolic BP and HbA1c for LDL-C analysis; LDL-C and systolic/diastolic BP for HbA1c analysis).
*P < 0.05, ‡P < 0.001, §P < 0.0001.