Table 4.
The final multivariable Cox models for any-CVD and for MACE as a function of fixed (baseline) and time-dependent covariates, the latter either the current value or mean from baseline as stated
| HR (95% CI)* | Z-test value | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any-CVD model | |||
| covariate | |||
| Baseline age (per 5 years) | 1.5366 (1.3641, 1.731) | 7.0711 | <0.001 |
| Mean HbA1c (per 1%) | 1.3115 (1.1488, 1.4972) | 4.0133 | <0.001 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg) | 1.3186 (1.1096, 1.567) | 3.1419 | 0.002 |
| Current triglycerides (log) | 1.5536 (1.1688, 2.065) | 3.0346 | 0.003 |
| Mean pulse rate (per 10 bpm) | 1.3855 (1.1051, 1.737) | 2.8267 | 0.005 |
| Baseline duration of diabetes (per 5 years) | 1.247 (1.0514, 1.4789) | 2.5364 | 0.02 |
| Current use of ACE inhibitor (yes vs. no) | 0.6732 (0.4777, 0.9486) | −2.2611 | 0.03 |
| Baseline family history of MI (yes vs. no) | 1.3866 (1.0294, 1.8678) | 2.1507 | 0.04 |
| Mean LDLc (per 10 mg/dL) | 1.0721 (1.0037, 1.1451) | 2.0697 | 0.04 |
| MACE model | |||
| covariate | |||
| Baseline age (per 5 years) | 1.7748 (1.4872, 2.1179) | 6.3613 | <0.001 |
| Mean HbA1c (per 1%) | 1.4186 (1.1785, 1.7077) | 3.6965 | <0.001 |
| Mean pulse rate (per 10 bpm) | 1.5975 (1.1576, 2.2046) | 2.8509 | 0.005 |
| Current triglycerides (log) | 1.7844 (1.1909, 2.6737) | 2.8071 | 0.005 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg) | 1.3863 (1.0929, 1.7583) | 2.6931 | 0.007 |
| Current smoking (yes vs. no) | 1.8686 (1.1647, 2.9978) | 2.5924 | 0.01 |
| Baseline duration of diabetes (per 5 years) | 1.3334 (1.0399, 1.7098) | 2.2685 | 0.03 |
| Current use of ACE inhibitor (yes vs. no) | 0.5819 (0.3553, 0.9529) | −2.1515 | 0.04 |
| Current LDLc (per 10 mg/dL) | 1.0692 (1.0035, 1.1392) | 2.0685 | 0.04 |
Covariates are listed in the order of significance as indicated by the unsigned Z-value.
*The HRs in the Cox proportional hazards model can be converted from HR per x-units (e.g., per 5 years of age above) to HR per y-units (e.g., per 1 year) using the equation: HR(y/x). For example, the HR for MACE per 1 year of age is (1.7748)1/5 = 1.1216. The same equation applies to the confidence limits. The Z test and P values are unchanged by a change of scale of the HRs.