H22-MPs promote M2 macrophage proliferation but induce M1apoptosis. (A) 5 × 105 M0 and M2 macrophages were treated with H22-MPs and cell number was analyzed at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. (B, C) M0 and M2 macrophages were treated with H22-MPs for 24 h, and then cells were strained with FITC-Annexin V and PI for apoptosis analysis (B) or labeled with FITC-conjugated anti-BrdU antibody for cell cycle analysis (C). (D, E) 5 × 105 M1 macrophages were treated with H22-MPs and cell number was analyzed (D). Meanwhile, cells were strained with FITC-Annexin V and PtdIns for flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis (E). Data shown are representative of three reproducible experiments expressed as means±s.e.m. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, NS, not statistically significant.