Fig. 3.

Turbulent dissipation that can account for the observed power output of Enceladus (red bar; blue bar includes the additional power inferred for reheating of cold ice at depth) can also match the observed phase lag of Enceladus (thick black horizontal line shows phase lag relative to a fiducial model; gray lines show 1σ error in observed phase lag). Curves correspond to time-averaged power for (left curve) four slots of equal length of 100 km, and (right curve) 93-km length outboard slots and 151-km length inboard slots. Dot color corresponds to the fractional change in aperture (max/min) during the tidal cycle. For each curve, initial (tidal-stress–free) half-width is sampled at 0.125 m (uppermost dots), and then at 0.125-m intervals up to 2 m (lowermost dots). Half-widths that best fit both the phase delay and power constraints are 0.375–0.625 m.