IL-6 cytokine analysis of (A) BALF and (B) serum following NP and CpG instillation at 24 and 72 hrs in C57BL/6 mice, n=3 with bar representing SD. Statistics performed by 2-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons test with **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001. (C & D) H&E stained whole lung sections of NP treated lungs at three magnifications: (C) shows (ζ+)NP treated and (D) shows (ζ-)NP treated at 24 hrs following NP instillation with scale bars (from top to bottom) of 500 μm, 100 μm, and 50 μm, respectively.